المؤلفون: Khalid Abdul Kadir, Sonia Chew Wen Phang, Loon Shin Ho, Pei Fen Chuar, Gerald Chen Jie Tan, J-Ian Ho, Badariah Ahmad, Yan Yi Koay

المصدر: Nutrients
Volume 13
Issue 1
Nutrients, Vol 13, Iss 258, p 258 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, antioxidant, medicine.medical_treatment, vitamin E, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, urologic and male genital diseases, Gastroenterology, Placebos, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Diabetic Nephropathies, Prospective Studies, tocotrienols, anti-inflammatory, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Nutrition and Dietetics, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Creatinine, Female, Tocotrienol, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Glomerular Filtration Rate, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Renal function, lcsh:TX341-641, Article, Transforming Growth Factor beta1, 03 medical and health sciences, Double-Blind Method, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1), Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Albuminuria, Humans, education, Aged, business.industry, Vitamin E, antifibrotic, Malaysia, medicine.disease, diabetic kidney disease, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Kidney Failure, Chronic, Microalbuminuria, business, Food Science, Kidney disease

الوصف: Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a debilitating complication of diabetes, which develops in 40% of the diabetic population and is responsible for up to 50% of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Tocotrienols have shown to be a potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic agent in animal and clinical studies. This study evaluated the effects of 400 mg tocotrienol-rich vitamin E supplementation daily on 59 DKD patients over a 12-month period. Patients with stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD) or positive urine microalbuminuria (urine to albumin creatinine ratio
UACR >
20&ndash
200 mg/mmol) were recruited into a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Patients were randomized into either intervention group (n = 31) which received tocotrienol-rich vitamin E (Tocovid SupraBioTM
Hovid Berhad, Ipoh, Malaysia) 400 mg daily or a placebo group which received placebo capsules (n = 28) for 12 months. HbA1c, renal parameters (i.e., serum creatinine, eGFR, and UACR), and serum biomarkers were collected at intervals of two months. Tocovid supplementation significantly reduced serum creatinine levels (MD: &minus
4.28 ±
14.92 vs. 9.18 ±
24.96), p = 0.029, and significantly improved eGFR (MD: 1.90 ±
5.76 vs. &minus
3.29 ±
9.24), p = 0.011 after eight months. Subgroup analysis of 37 patients with stage 3 CKD demonstrated persistent renoprotective effects over 12 months
Tocovid improved eGFR (MD: 4.83 ±
6.78 vs. &minus
1.45 ±
9.18), p = 0.022 and serum creatinine (MD: &minus
7.85(20.75) vs. 0.84(26.03), p = 0.042) but not UACR. After six months post washout, there was no improvement in serum creatinine and eGFR. There were no significant changes in the serum biomarkers, TGF-&beta
1 and VEGF-A. Our findings verified the results from the pilot phase study where tocotrienol-rich vitamin E supplementation at two and three months improved kidney function as assessed by serum creatinine and eGFR but not UACR.

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الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::35a8edacf1104bb7b5c5904bdf4a662aTest

المؤلفون: Edwin R. Miranda, Ryan Perkins, Lauretta Quinn, Paul J. Beisswenger, Sarah S. Farabi, Kelly N. Z. Fuller, Jacob M. Haus

المصدر: Nutrients, Vol 11, Iss 2, p 386 (2019)
Nutrients
Volume 11
Issue 2

مصطلحات موضوعية: 0301 basic medicine, Blood Glucose, Glycation End Products, Advanced, Male, soluble RAGE, endocrine system diseases, medicine.medical_treatment, Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products, RAGE (receptor), chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Glycation, methylglyoxal, Protein Isoforms, Receptor, Nutrition and Dietetics, Methylglyoxal, RAGE, cardiovascular system, Female, Diurnal Flux, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, fasting, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, lcsh:TX341-641, Glucagon, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, cardiovascular diseases, Type 1 diabetes, business.industry, Insulin, nutritional and metabolic diseases, medicine.disease, Oxidative Stress, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, chemistry, Gene Expression Regulation, Multivariate Analysis, business, human activities, Biomarkers, Food Science, Hormone

الوصف: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) promote the development of diabetic complications through activation of their receptor (RAGE). Isoforms of soluble RAGE (sRAGE) sequester AGEs and protect against RAGE-mediated diabetic complications. We investigated the effect of an overnight fast on circulating metabolic substrates, hormones, AGEs, and sRAGE isoforms in 26 individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Blood was collected from 26 young (18&ndash
30 years) T1DM patients on insulin pumps before and after an overnight fast. Circulating AGEs were measured via LC-MS/MS and sRAGE isoforms were analyzed via ELISA. Glucose, insulin, glucagon, and eGFRcystatin-c decreased while cortisol increased following the overnight fast (p <
0.05). AGEs (CML, CEL, 3DG-H, MG-H1, and G-H1) decreased (21&ndash
58%, p <
0.0001) while total sRAGE, cleaved RAGE (cRAGE), and endogenous secretory RAGE (esRAGE) increased (22&ndash
24%, p <
0.0001) following the overnight fast. The changes in sRAGE isoforms were inversely related to MG-H1 (rho = &minus
0.493 to &minus
0.589, p <
0.05) and the change in esRAGE was inversely related to the change in G-H1 (rho = &minus
0.474, p <
0.05). Multiple regression analyses revealed a 1 pg/mL increase in total sRAGE, cRAGE, or esRAGE independently predicted a 0.42&ndash
0.52 nmol/L decrease in MG-H1. Short-term energy restriction via an overnight fast resulted in increased sRAGE isoforms and may be protective against AGE accumulation.

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الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::34826aff5f89fcd19ff8a7b83c766d2cTest
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/2/386Test

المؤلفون: Neus Bosch-Sierra, Roger Marqués-Cardete, Aránzazu Gurrea-Martínez, Carmen Grau-Del Valle, Clara Talens, Saioa Alvarez-Sabatel, Carlos Bald, Carlos Morillas, Antonio Hernández-Mijares, Celia Bañuls

المصدر: Nutrients
Volume 11
Issue 12

مصطلحات موضوعية: Blood Glucose, Dietary Fiber, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Time Factors, gut hormones, medicine.medical_treatment, satiety, Appetite, 0302 clinical medicine, Blood serum, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, media_common, Cross-Over Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, Leptin, glycaemia, Postprandial Period, Ghrelin, Healthy Volunteers, Fruit and Vegetable Juices, Postprandial, Female, Citrus sinensis, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, insulin, media_common.quotation_subject, Blood sugar, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Satiation, Article, citrus fibre, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Double-Blind Method, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Orange juice, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, business.industry, Insulin, Crossover study, Endocrinology, Glycemic Index, orange juice, healthy subjects, business, Food Science

الوصف: Background: Consumption of fibre-enriched orange juice may be an appropriate way to supplement daily fibre intake and achieve beneficial effects on metabolic health. The present study aimed to assess the short-term effects of fibre-enriched orange juice on postprandial metabolism and satiety in a healthy adult population. Methods: In this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover study 10 healthy subjects underwent two one-day trials in which they consumed an orange juice beverage containing 1.4 g/100 mL of citrus fibre (29.3% soluble and 41.9% insoluble) or a placebo (regular orange juice without added fibre). Postprandial glucose, insulin, gut hormones (GLP1, GIP and ghrelin), leptin and qualitative appetite/satiety assessment were measured every 15 or 30 min over the 120 min test period. Results: The fibre-enriched orange juice decreased postprandial serum glucose and circulating insulin levels at 15 min compared with the placebo. In addition, after intake of the fibre-enriched juice, a significant effect on qualitative feelings of satiety and fullness was observed at 15 and 120 min, and was accompanied by a significant decrease in GLP1 response at 15 min. No significant changes were observed in leptin, GIP and ghrelin after juice intake. Conclusions: In healthy individuals, a single acute consumption of fibre-enriched orange juice has short-term beneficial effects on postprandial glycaemia, circulating insulin levels and satiety through GLP1 secretion.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::1df2a3220710c63a3ecf409139b6ec92Test
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6950290Test

المؤلفون: Darryn S. Willoughby, Victor Ben-Ezra, Eric Rivas, Daniel E. Newmire, Sarah E. Deemer

المصدر: Nutrients
Volume 11
Issue 11
Nutrients, Vol 11, Iss 11, p 2650 (2019)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Blood Glucose, Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, endocrine system, medicine.medical_treatment, lcsh:TX341-641, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Glucagon, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Leucine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Ingestion, Isoleucine, Exercise, Pancreatic hormone, Nutrition and Dietetics, L-isoleucine, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Chemistry, Insulin, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Area under the curve, Carbohydrate, Pancreatic Hormones, Glucagon-like peptide-1, glucagon-like peptide 1, glycemia, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Body Composition, Lean body mass, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, Female, L-leucine, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Food Science

الوصف: Background: The ingestion of whey protein and amino acids with carbohydrate (CHO) enhances the release of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent-insulinotropic peptide (GIP) that promote insulin secretion. It is unknown if L-isoleucine (Ile) and L-leucine (Leu) have this same effect. The purpose of this study was to examine how Ile and Leu influence both GLP-1 and GIP, subsequent pancreatic hormones, and glycemia in healthy, inactive adults. Methods: Twelve adults (6F/6M
age 27.4 ±
2 years
BMI 26.3 ±
2 kg/m2
lean body mass 53.2 ±
5 kg
body fat 34.1 ±
3%) completed four conditions in a randomized, cross-over fashion. Treatments standardized (0.3 g/kg·
LBM&minus
1) (1) Leu, (2) Ile, (3) Equal (1:1 g) of Leu + Ile, and (4) placebo (Pla, 3.5 g inert stevia) ingested 30 min prior to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Samples of plasma glucose, insulin, glucagon, GIPTotal, and GLP-1Active were assessed. Results: A treatment (p = 0.01) effect comparing Ile vs. Leu (p = 0.02) in GIPTotal. Area under the curve showed an increase in GIPTotal from Ile compared to Leu and Pla (p = 0.03). No effect was found on GLP-1. The ingestion of Ile prior to CHO augmented GIP concentration greater than Leu or Pla. No correlation was found between GIP, insulin, and glucose between conditions. Conclusions: Ile impacts GIP concentration, which did not relate to either insulin or glucose concentrations. Neither Ile, nor Leu seem to have an effect on hyperglycemia ingested prior to a CHO drink.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::2cfa8172a5e25f67bf47901fe445f1b3Test

المؤلفون: Akihiro Yoshida, Suguru Hiramoto, Itsumi Suda, Yoshifumi Shoho, Osamu Araki, Katsuhiko Tsunekawa, Hirotaka Ishigaki, Kazumi Ushiki, Takao Kimura, Masami Murakami, Takumi Nagasawa

المصدر: Nutrients
Volume 13
Issue 7
Nutrients, Vol 13, Iss 2191, p 2191 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_treatment, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, konjac glucomannan, Article, Mannans, dietary supplements, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Double-Blind Method, medicine, Humans, Ingestion, TX341-641, hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL), triglyceride, Food science, Triglycerides, lipoprotein lipase (LPL), Receptors, Lipoprotein, Triglyceride lipase, Lipoprotein lipase, Cross-Over Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1), Triglyceride, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Insulin, GPIHBP1, Oryza, Middle Aged, Lipid Metabolism, Postprandial Period, medicine.disease, Lipoprotein Lipase, 030104 developmental biology, Postprandial, chemistry, rice gruel, Powders, Edible Grain, Dyslipidemia, Food Science

الوصف: In a recent study, we showed that konjac glucomannan (KGM) inhibits rice gruel-induced postprandial increases in plasma glucose and insulin levels. To extend this research, we investigated the effects of KGM addition to rice gruel on pre- and postprandial concentrations of circulating lipoprotein lipase (LPL), glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1), hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL), free fatty acids (FFA), and triglycerides (TG). A total of 13 Japanese men, without diabetes, dyslipidemia, or gastrointestinal diseases, interchangeably ingested rice gruel containing no KGM (0%G), rice gruel supplemented with 0.4% KGM (0.4%G), and rice gruel supplemented with 0.8% KGM (0.8%G), every Sunday for 3 weeks. Blood samples were obtained at baseline and at 30, 60, and 120 min after ingestion to measure the abovementioned lipid parameters. Lipid parameters showed small, but significant, changes. Significant reductions were found in circulating FFA levels among all participants. Circulating TG levels significantly declined at 30 min and then remained nearly constant in the 0.8%G group but exhibited no significant difference in the 0%G and 0.4%G groups. Although circulating levels of LPL and GPIHBP1 significantly decreased in the 0%G and 0.4%G groups, they increased at 120 min in the 0.8%G group. Participants in the 0%G and 0.4%G groups showed significant decreases in circulating HTGL levels, which was not observed in the 0.8%G group. Our results demonstrate the novel pleiotropic effects of KGM. Supplementation of rice gruel with KGM powder led to TG reduction accompanied by LPL and GPIHBP1 elevation and HTGL stabilization, thereby attenuating TG metabolism.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::234130a85bde0fc53cdbebba1ab70f4dTest
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13072191Test

المؤلفون: Mohammadreza Kalantarhormozi, Thomas Netticadan, Afshin Ostovar, Marzieh Mahmoodi, Pema Raj, Ali Movahed, Iraj Nabipour

المصدر: Nutrients
Volume 12
Issue 1
Nutrients, Vol 12, Iss 1, p 161 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Blood Glucose, Male, 0301 basic medicine, endocrine system diseases, type 1 diabetes, medicine.medical_treatment, resveratrol, Pharmacology, Resveratrol, Kidney, medicine.disease_cause, Antioxidants, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Malondialdehyde, Insulin, oxidative stress, Child, hemoglobin A1c, Nutrition and Dietetics, Middle Aged, Liver, Female, Plants, Edible, medicine.symptom, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Adult, Adolescent, lcsh:TX341-641, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Inflammation, Article, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Insulin resistance, Diabetes mellitus, medicine, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Glycated Hemoglobin, Type 1 diabetes, Plant Extracts, business.industry, nutritional and metabolic diseases, medicine.disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Hyperglycemia, Dietary Supplements, business, Biomarkers, Oxidative stress, Food Science

الوصف: Resveratrol has been reported to be beneficial against diabetes complications. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of resveratrol in decreasing hyperglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) by a preliminary investigation designed as an exploratory clinical trial. Thirteen patients with T1D from both the sexes participated in this trial. All patients received resveratrol in 500 mg capsules, twice daily for 60 days. Bodyweight, fasting blood sugar (FBS), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin, homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model of assessment for &beta
cell function (HOMA-&beta
), and markers of liver and kidney damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress were measured before the intervention, at 30 days and at 60 days. Resveratrol supplementation for 60 days significantly decreased FBS and HbA1c in comparison with the baseline values. Resveratrol treatment also resulted in a decrease in the level of a marker for oxidative stress, malondialdehyde, and an increase in total antioxidant capacity in T1D patients. Insulin, HOMA-IR, HOMA-&beta
and markers of liver and kidney function and inflammation were not significantly affected by resveratrol treatment. Overall, the results showed that 60 days of resveratrol supplementation exerted strong antidiabetic and antioxidant effects in patients with T1D.

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الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::dd33ea5d60dfbb95e7232d6bbe111981Test
https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010161Test

المؤلفون: M. Denise Robertson, Najlaa M. Al-Mana

المصدر: Nutrients
Volume 10
Issue 12
Nutrients, Vol 10, Iss 12, p 1993 (2018)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Blood Glucose, Dietary Fiber, Male, 0301 basic medicine, resistant starch, obesity, medicine.medical_treatment, satiety, Overweight, Body Mass Index, Eating, 0302 clinical medicine, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Insulin, Single-Blind Method, Resistant starch, Meals, media_common, Cross-Over Studies, Nutrition and Dietetics, C-Peptide, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, dietary fibre, Starch, Postprandial Period, Postprandial, appetite, medicine.symptom, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, food.ingredient, Adolescent, media_common.quotation_subject, lcsh:TX341-641, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Satiation, Placebo, Article, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, food, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, business.industry, Appetite, medicine.disease, Crossover study, Obesity, Endocrinology, glucagon-like peptide-1, Energy Intake, business, Food Science

الوصف: Several studies have linked increased intake of dietary fibre to improvement in the management of body weight. Dietary fibre from resistant starch (RS) has been shown to have an impact on food intake in normal weight individuals, but its role in obesity is unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the short-term effects of RS on appetite, satiety and postprandial metabolism in overweight/obese subjects. In this single-blind randomized crossover study, overweight/obese healthy males consumed a test breakfast and lunch containing either 48 g RS or a placebo. Postprandial qualitative appetite, glucose, insulin, and GLP-1 were measured every 30 min for 7 h. Energy intake values from an ad libitum dinner and for a 24-h period were assessed. Acute consumption of RS at breakfast/lunch significantly reduced the energy intake at the ad libitum dinner (p = 0.017). No significant effect over 24 h or qualitative feelings of satiety were observed. Significant treatment ×
time effects were found for postprandial glucose (p = 0.004) for RS compared to placebo, with a trend for higher C-peptide concentrations following RS. The postprandial insulin and GLP-1 responses were not significantly different. RS may indeed have short-term beneficial effects in obese individuals.

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المؤلفون: Karl Fraser, Colin G. Prosser, David Cameron-Smith, Alison J. Hodgkinson, Sarah M. Mitchell, Utpal Kumar Prodhan, Amber M. Milan, Elizabeth Carpenter

المصدر: Nutrients
Volume 10
Issue 10
Nutrients, Vol 10, Iss 10, p 1492 (2018)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Blood Glucose, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Protein Hydrolysates, medicine.medical_treatment, digestion, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, goat milk, Insulin, Ingestion, Food science, Amino Acids, Nutrition and Dietetics, Goats, adult, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, food and beverages, Milk Proteins, Postprandial Period, Milk, Postprandial, nutrition, Food, Fortified, Female, Dietary Proteins, Digestion, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, protein hydrolysis, Hydrolyzed protein, Adolescent, Complete protein, lcsh:TX341-641, Article, fortified milk, Beverages, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Animals, Humans, Gastrointestinal Transit, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Gastric emptying, business.industry, gastrointestinal, Whey Proteins, Gastric Emptying, Cattle, business, Food Science, Hormone

الوصف: Fortified milk drinks are predominantly manufactured from bovine (cow) sources. Alternative formulations include those prepared with hydrolysed bovine milk proteins or from alternate bovidae species, such as caprine (goat) milk. Currently, there is little data on protein digestive and metabolic responses following ingestion of fortified milk drinks. To examine the digestive and metabolic responses to commercially-available fortified milks, young adults (n = 15 males: 15 females), in a randomised sequence, ingested isonitrogenous quantities of whole cow-protein (WC), whole goat-protein (WG), or partially-hydrolysed whey cow-protein (HC), commercial fortified milks. Plasma amino acid (AA) and hormonal responses were measured at baseline and again at 5 h after ingestion. Paracetamol recovery, breath hydrogen, and subjective digestive responses were also measured. Postprandial plasma AA was similar between WC and WG, while AA appearance was suppressed with HC. Following HC, there was a negative incremental AUC in plasma branched-chain AAs. Further, HC had delayed gastric emptying, increased transit time, and led to exaggerated insulin and GLP-1 responses, in comparison to whole protein formulas. Overall, WC and WG had similar protein and digestive responses with no differences in digestive comfort. Contrastingly, HC led to delayed gastric emptying, attenuated AA appearance, and a heightened circulating insulin response.

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المؤلفون: Michael Horowitz, Karen L. Jones, Kylie Lange, Trygve Hausken, Stijn Soenen, Caroline Giezenaar, Ian Chapman

المصدر: Nutrients
Volume 10
Issue 10
Nutrients, Vol 10, Iss 10, p 1451 (2018)

مصطلحات موضوعية: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Whey protein, gut hormones, medicine.medical_treatment, Body Mass Index, 0302 clinical medicine, Glucagon-Like Peptide 1, Insulin, blood glucose, media_common, Cholecystokinin, Meal, Nutrition and Dietetics, Chemistry, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, food and beverages, Ghrelin, appetite, Dietary Proteins, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, media_common.quotation_subject, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, lcsh:TX341-641, Article, Beverages, Gastrointestinal Hormones, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, gastric emptying, Double-Blind Method, Internal medicine, medicine, Dietary Carbohydrates, Humans, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Gastric emptying, Appetite, whey protein, Carbohydrate, Dietary Fats, Diet, Endocrinology, Whey Proteins, Energy Intake, Food Science

الوصف: Whey protein, when ingested on its own, load-dependently slows gastric emptying and stimulates gut hormone concentrations in healthy young men. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of substitution, and addition, of carbohydrate (dextrose) and fat (olive oil) to whey protein. In randomized, double-blind order, 13 healthy young men (age: 23 ±
1 years, body mass index: 24 ±
1 kg/m2) ingested a control drink (450 mL
~2 kcal/&lsquo
control&rsquo
) or iso-volumetric drinks containing protein/carbohydrate/fat: (i) 14 g/28 g/12.4 g (280 kcal/&lsquo
M280&prime
), (ii) 70 g/28 g/12.4 g (504kcal/&lsquo
M504&prime
), and (iii) 70 g/0 g/0 g (280 kcal/&lsquo
P280&prime
), on 4 separate study days. Gastric emptying (n = 11, 3D-ultrasonography), blood glucose, plasma insulin, ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) concentrations (0&ndash
180 min), appetite (visual analogue scales), and ad-libitum buffet-meal energy intake (180&ndash
210 min) were determined. Substitution of protein with carbohydrate and fat was associated with faster gastric emptying (lower 50% emptying time (T50)), reduced suppression of ghrelin, and stimulation of GLP-1 (all P <
0.001)
while the addition of carbohydrate and fat to protein did not affect gastric emptying or gut hormone responses significantly. Total energy intake (i.e., drink plus meal) was greater after all caloric drinks than control (P <
0.001). In conclusion, substitution of whey protein with dextrose and olive oil accelerated gastric emptying. Higher protein content of a mixed macronutrient drink increased gut hormone and insulin responses.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::6f39fe83efe2ecc0a93736ca897e8b1cTest

المؤلفون: Laura Bertoccini, Danila Capoccia, Caterina Chiappetta, Maria Gisella Cavallo, Flavia Agata Cimini, Marju Orho-Melander, Ilaria Barchetta, Olle Melander, Frida Leonetti, Valentina Ceccarelli, Claudio Di Cristofano, Gianfranco Silecchia

المصدر: Nutrients
Nutrients, Vol 10, Iss 4, p 526 (2018)

مصطلحات موضوعية: 0301 basic medicine, Male, obesity, medicine.medical_treatment, Adipose tissue, Type 2 diabetes, Intestine, Small, adipose tissue inflammation, Neurotensin, Nutrition and Dietetics, Brief Report, Fatty liver, Middle Aged, Obesity, Morbid, Up-Regulation, Female, medicine.symptom, Netrin Receptors, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, proneurotensin, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:TX341-641, Inflammation, Receptors, Cell Surface, Intra-Abdominal Fat, Proinflammatory cytokine, lipids, CCN Intercellular Signaling Proteins, Gastrointestinal Hormones, 03 medical and health sciences, Insulin resistance, Internal medicine, Diabetes mellitus, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, medicine, Humans, Aged, business.industry, Insulin, Macrophages, nutritional and metabolic diseases, medicine.disease, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit, Lipid Metabolism, 030104 developmental biology, Endocrinology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, business, Food Science

الوصف: Neurotensin (NT) is a 13-amino acid peptide localized in the neuroendocrine cells of the small intestine, which promotes fat absorption and fatty acids translocation in response to lipid ingestion. NT-knock-out mice fed with a high-fat diet are protected from obesity, fatty liver, and the development of insulin-resistance. In humans, higher plasma levels of pro-NT, which is the stable circulating precursor of NT, predict obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cardiovascular disease. In obesity, the presence of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation leads to unfavorable metabolic outcomes and is associated with the development of T2D and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we investigated the relationship between plasma pro-NT levels and the presence of VAT inflammation in biopsies from 40 morbidly obese subjects undergoing bariatric surgery. We demonstrated that higher proNT levels are significantly associated with greater macrophages infiltration, HIF-1α, WISP-1, and UNC5B expression in VAT (all p < 0.01) due to the diagnosis of T2D and NAFLD. The overall results show that, in obesity, pro-NT is a biomarker of VAT inflammation and insulin-resistance. Additionally, NT may be involved in the development of dysmetabolic conditions likely mediated by increased gut fat absorption and the presence of a proinflammatory milieu in the adipose tissue.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::c7f97972a49414d17e51f999bf857995Test
http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5946311Test