المؤلفون: Giberson, Jeremy, Nardone, Natalie, Addo, Newton, Khan, Sameera, Jacob, Peyton, Benowitz, Neal, St.Helen, Gideon

المصدر: Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 25(8)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Epidemiology, Public Health, Health Sciences, Tobacco Smoke and Health, Substance Misuse, Clinical Research, Brain Disorders, Prevention, Tobacco, Drug Abuse (NIDA only), Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Humans, Male, Female, Nicotine, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, Tobacco Products, Cigarette Smoking, Surveys and Questionnaires, Vaping, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Marketing, Public health

الوصف: IntroductionThis study examined user behavior, e-cigarette dependence, and device characteristics on nicotine intake among users of pod-mod e-cigarettes.Aims and methodsIn 2019-2020, people who use pod-mods in the San Francisco Bay Area completed questionnaires and provided a urine sample for analysis of total nicotine equivalents (TNE). The relationship between TNE and e-cigarette use, e-cigarette brands, e-liquid nicotine strength, e-cigarette dependence, and urine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), as a measure of combustible cigarette exposure, were examined.ResultsOf 100 participants (64% male, 71% in the 18-34 age group, 45% white), 53 used JUUL primarily, 12 used Puff Bar primarily, and 35 used other brands, including Suorin; 48 participants reported current cigarette smoking. Participants most often reported use of e-liquid with 4.5%-6.0% nicotine (68%), fruit (35%), tobacco (28%), and menthol or mint flavors (26%), used e-cigarettes on 25.5 (SD = 6.3) days a month, 10.2 (SD = 14.2) times a day, and 40% used 1-2 pods/cartridges per week. In bivariate analysis, urinary TNE was higher with greater frequency (days used) and intensity (number of pods used) of e-cigarette use, e-cigarette dependence, and combustible cigarette use. In multivariable analysis, days of e-cigarette use in the last 30 days, number of pods used per week, and NNAL levels were significantly associated with TNE. There was no significant impact of e-liquid nicotine strength on TNE.ConclusionsNicotine intake among people who used pod-mod e-cigarettes increased with e-cigarette consumption and e-cigarette dependence, but not with e-liquid nicotine strength. Our findings may inform whether FDA adopts a nicotine standard for e-cigarettes.ImplicationsThe study examined how device and user characteristics influence nicotine intake among pod-mod e-cigarette users. Nicotine intake increased with frequency (days of e-cigarette use in past 30 days) intensity of use (number of pods used per day) and e-cigarette dependence but not with the flavor or nicotine concentration of the e-liquids. Regulation of nicotine concentration of e-liquids is unlikely to influence nicotine exposure among adult experienced pod-mod users.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7gm5809bTest

المؤلفون: Liakoni, Evangelia, Nardone, Natalie, St Helen, Gideon, Dempsey, Delia A, Tyndale, Rachel F, Benowitz, Neal L

المصدر: Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 22(8)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Epidemiology, Public Health, Health Sciences, Substance Misuse, Prevention, Tobacco, Tobacco Smoke and Health, Clinical Research, Cancer, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Nicotine, Reinforcement, Psychology, Tobacco Products, Tobacco Smoking, Tobacco Use Disorder, United States, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Marketing, Public health

الوصف: IntroductionThe rate of nicotine metabolism, estimated by the nicotine metabolite ratio (NMR), is an important determinant of tobacco dependence. This study investigated the effect of NMR on smoking behavior due to nicotine reinforcement during ad libitum smoking.Aims and methodsAs part of a larger study, participants were stratified based on saliva NMR as fast and slow metabolizers. After smoking a cigarette and measuring nicotine blood concentrations, participants smoked as desired over a 90-minute period. Analysis included time to first cigarette, total number of cigarettes, total number of puffs, and weight of tobacco consumed.ResultsSixty-one (48%) participants were fast metabolizers and 66 (52%) slow metabolizers by NMR. No significant differences were found regarding the smoking topography variables by NMR. Normal metabolizers by genotype (n = 79) had a shorter time to first cigarette than reduced metabolizers (n = 39; p = .032). Blacks smoked fewer cigarettes (p = .008) and took fewer total puffs (p = .002) compared with Whites. Among Whites, fast metabolizers by NMR had a shorter time to first cigarette compared with slow metabolizers (p = .014). Among fast metabolizers, Whites had, compared with Blacks, shorter latency to first cigarette (p = .003) and higher number of total puffs (p = .014) and cigarettes smoked (p = .014). Baseline cigarettes per day and nicotine elimination half-life significantly predicted topography outcomes.ConclusionsSaliva NMR did not predict cigarette reinforcement during a relatively brief period of ad libitum smoking. Differences were seen by race, with White fast metabolizers by NMR having shorter time to first cigarettes compared with slow metabolizers.ImplicationsAfter a 90-minute period of nicotine abstinence, NMR was not significantly associated with smoking reinforcement. Slow and fast metabolizers had similar time to first cigarette, number of cigarettes smoked, total number of puffs, and tobacco consumed; however, within-race differences show that within Whites, fast metabolizers had a faster time to first cigarette than slow metabolizers.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9p9342rsTest

المؤلفون: Bickel, Warren, Hatsukami, Dorothy, Carroll, Dana, Strayer, Lori, Pacek, Lauren, Kozink, Rachel, Tessier, Katelyn, McClernon, Joseph, Benowitz, Neal, Nardone, Natalie

المصدر: Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 22(7)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Cigarette Smoking, Consumer Behavior, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, Female, Humans, Male, Marketing, Nicotine, Pilot Projects, Tobacco Products, United States

الوصف: INTRODUCTION: We describe the development and pilot testing of the experimental tobacco and nicotine product marketplace (ETM)-a method for studying tobacco and nicotine product (TNP) choices and use behavior in a standardized way. AIMS AND METHODS: The ETM resembles an online store populated with TNPs. Surveillance activities and data from a US representative survey and consumer reports were used to determine the most popular TNPs for inclusion in the ETM. Standardized information and videos demonstrating how to use the TNPs were provided. To test the feasibility of using the ETM, smokers (n = 119) underwent monitoring of usual brand cigarette smoking and other TNP use (Baseline Phase) followed by access to the ETM (ETM Phase) that included their usual brand cigarettes, e-cigarettes, moist snuff, snus, and nicotine replacement therapy. During the ETM Phase, participants were provided points based on their baseline TNP consumption to exchange for TNPs in the ETM. Participants were advised to exchange points for enough TNPs to last until their next visit and to refrain from using TNPs not obtained in the ETM. A subset of the participants (n = 62) completed a survey on their experience with the ETM. RESULTS: The majority of the participants stated they were comfortable with navigating the ETM (97%), it was easy to determine product characteristics (89%), and they were satisfied with the products included in the marketplace (85%). CONCLUSIONS: The ETM was well received by the vast majority of the participants and can be utilized by researchers to investigate a variety of TNP policy and regulatory science research questions. IMPLICATIONS: Patterns of TNP use are complex due to greater availability, marketing, and promotion of a diverse array of TNPs. Innovative methods are needed to experimentally study TNP choices and patterns. Through describing the development of the ETM, we provide researchers with a tool that can be readily adapted to studying a variety of phenomena challenging public health.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6kp5r6t4Test

المؤلفون: Jacob, Peyton, St. Helen, Gideon, Yu, Lisa, Nardone, Natalie, Havel, Christopher, Cheung, Polly, Benowitz, Neal L

المصدر: Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 22(7)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Epidemiology, Public Health, Health Sciences, Lung Cancer, Substance Misuse, Lung, Prevention, Tobacco, Drug Abuse (NIDA only), Tobacco Smoke and Health, Cancer, Clinical Research, Good Health and Well Being, Biomarkers, Carcinogens, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Male, Nicotine, Nitrosamines, Tobacco Smoking, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Marketing, Public health

الوصف: IntroductionDual use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and combustible cigarettes is a major public health issue. It is generally accepted that exclusive e-cigarette use is less harmful than exclusive combustible cigarette use, but most e-cigarette users continue to smoke combustible cigarettes as well. To what extent the use of e-cigarettes reduces harm in people who continue to smoke combustible cigarettes has been debated. The aim of this study was to explore the utility of biomarkers as measures of dual use.MethodsIn two human studies of participants who used e-cigarettes only or both combustible cigarettes and e-cigarettes, we measured urine concentrations of the metabolites of nicotine (total nicotine equivalents) as well as two biomarkers of tobacco exposure: 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), a tobacco-specific carcinogen metabolite, and nicotelline, a tobacco alkaloid not found in significant concentrations in e-cigarette products.ResultsThe presence of nicotine metabolites indicates either e-cigarette or combustible cigarette use. Nicotelline (half-life of 2-3 hours) indicates recent combustible cigarette use and NNAL (half-life of 10 days or more), indicates combustible cigarette use occurring within several weeks prior to sample collection.ConclusionsNicotelline and NNAL are useful biomarkers for combustible tobacco use in users e-cigarettes. The application of these biomarkers provides a tool to help assess whether, or to what extent, dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes reduces harm compared to sole use of combustible cigarettes. These biomarkers can also verify exclusive use of e-cigarettes over short (24 hour) or long (several week) time periods.ImplicationsTo what extent dual use of e-cigarettes and combustible cigarettes reduce harm compared to smoking combustible cigarettes only is of considerable public health interest. We show that the levels of the minor tobacco alkaloid nicotelline and the nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) are extremely low in electronic cigarette fluids. The urine biomarkers nicotelline and the NNK metabolite 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) are indicative of cigarette smoking and can be used to assess recent and past smoking in dual users.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7p4138s0Test

المؤلفون: Carroll, Dana Mowls, Strayer, Lori, Nardone, Natalie, Pacek, Lauren R, Kozink, Rachel V, Tessier, Katelyn, McClernon, Joseph, Benowitz, Neal, Bickel, Warren K, Hatsukami, Dorothy

المصدر: Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 22(7)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Substance Misuse, Tobacco, Tobacco Smoke and Health, Cancer, 3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Cigarette Smoking, Consumer Behavior, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems, Female, Humans, Male, Marketing, Nicotine, Pilot Projects, Tobacco Products, United States, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Public Health

الوصف: IntroductionWe describe the development and pilot testing of the experimental tobacco and nicotine product marketplace (ETM)-a method for studying tobacco and nicotine product (TNP) choices and use behavior in a standardized way.Aims and methodsThe ETM resembles an online store populated with TNPs. Surveillance activities and data from a US representative survey and consumer reports were used to determine the most popular TNPs for inclusion in the ETM. Standardized information and videos demonstrating how to use the TNPs were provided. To test the feasibility of using the ETM, smokers (n = 119) underwent monitoring of usual brand cigarette smoking and other TNP use (Baseline Phase) followed by access to the ETM (ETM Phase) that included their usual brand cigarettes, e-cigarettes, moist snuff, snus, and nicotine replacement therapy. During the ETM Phase, participants were provided points based on their baseline TNP consumption to exchange for TNPs in the ETM. Participants were advised to exchange points for enough TNPs to last until their next visit and to refrain from using TNPs not obtained in the ETM. A subset of the participants (n = 62) completed a survey on their experience with the ETM.ResultsThe majority of the participants stated they were comfortable with navigating the ETM (97%), it was easy to determine product characteristics (89%), and they were satisfied with the products included in the marketplace (85%).ConclusionsThe ETM was well received by the vast majority of the participants and can be utilized by researchers to investigate a variety of TNP policy and regulatory science research questions.ImplicationsPatterns of TNP use are complex due to greater availability, marketing, and promotion of a diverse array of TNPs. Innovative methods are needed to experimentally study TNP choices and patterns. Through describing the development of the ETM, we provide researchers with a tool that can be readily adapted to studying a variety of phenomena challenging public health.

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/14h389z6Test

المؤلفون: Benowitz, Neal L, St. Helen, Gideon, Nardone, Natalie, Cox, Lisa Sanderson, Jacob, Peyton

المصدر: Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 22(2)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Epidemiology, Public Health, Health Sciences, Substance Misuse, Brain Disorders, Tobacco, Drug Abuse (NIDA only), Tobacco Smoke and Health, Prevention, Cancer, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Biomarkers, Cigarette Smoking, Cotinine, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nicotine, Nicotiana, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Marketing, Public health

الوصف: IntroductionAccurate measurement of nicotine exposure from cigarette smoke is important in studying disease risk and level of dependence. Urine total nicotine equivalents, the molar sum of nicotine and six metabolites (NE7), accounts for more than 90% of a nicotine dose and is independent of individual metabolic differences. However, measuring NE7 is technically difficult and costly. We compared NE7, the gold standard of nicotine intake, with different combinations of fewer urinary nicotine metabolites. We also examined the impact of individual differences in nicotine metabolic rate, sex, and race on strength of association with NE7.MethodsUrine samples from 796 daily smokers, who participated across five clinical studies, were assayed for nicotine and/or metabolites. Associations with NE7 were assessed by regression and Bland-Altman analyses.ResultsOverall, the molar sum of urine [cotinine + 3'-hydroxycotinine (3HC)] (NE2) and [nicotine + 
cotinine + 3HC] (NE3) were strongly correlated with NE7 (r = .97 and .99, respectively). However, in slow metabolizers NE2 was less predictive of NE7, whereas NE3 was equally robust. Urine total cotinine was also strongly correlated with NE7 (r = .87).ConclusionsUrine NE3 is a robust biomarker of daily nicotine intake, independently of individual metabolic differences, whereas NE2 is less accurate in slow metabolizers. Our findings inform the selection of more rigorous and cost-effective measures to assess nicotine exposure in tobacco research studies.ImplicationsThe molar sum of urine total nicotine, cotinine and 3HC (NE3) is a robust biomarker of daily nicotine intake, independently of individual metabolic differences, and performs as well as measuring seven nicotine metabolites (NE7). The sum of cotinine and 3HC (NE2) is less accurate in slow metabolizers. Our findings inform the selection of more rigorous and cost-effective measures to assess nicotine exposure in tobacco research studies.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3r28m6whTest

المؤلفون: Benowitz, Neal L, Jain, Shonul, Dempsey, Delia A, Nardone, Natalie, St. Helen, Gideon, Jacob, Peyton

المصدر: Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 19(9)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Public Health, Health Sciences, Pediatric, Lung, Tobacco Smoke and Health, Substance Misuse, Cancer, Clinical Research, Health Effects of Indoor Air Pollution, Tobacco, Drug Abuse (NIDA only), Prevention, Respiratory, Stroke, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Cotinine, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, San Francisco, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Marketing, Epidemiology, Public health

الوصف: IntroductionRoutine biochemical assessment of tobacco smoke exposure could lead to more effective interventions to reduce or prevent secondhand smoke (SHS)-related disease in adolescents. Our aim was to determine using urine cotinine (major nicotine metabolite) measurement the prevalence of tobacco smoke exposure among adolescents receiving outpatient care at an urban public hospital.MethodsSurplus urine was collected in 466 adolescents attending pediatric or urgent care clinics at Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, serving families with lower levels of income and education, in 2013-2014. The majority were Hispanic or African American. Urine cotinine cut points of 0.05 to 0.25 ng/ml, 0.25 to 30 ng/ml, and 30 ng/ml were used to classify subjects as light SHS or thirdhand smoke exposed, SHS or light/intermittent active users, and active tobacco users, respectively.ResultsAmong subjects 87% were exposed, including 12% active smoking, 46% SHS and 30% lightly exposed. The SHS exposed group adjusted geometric mean cotinine values were significantly higher in African Americans (1.48 ng/ml) compared to other groups (0.56-1.13 ng/ml).ConclusionsIn a city with a low smoking prevalence (12%), a large majority (87%) of adolescents seen in a public hospital clinic are exposed to tobacco. This is much higher than reported in national epidemiological studies of adolescents, which used a plasma biomarker. Since SHS is associated with significant respiratory diseases and parents and adolescents underreport exposure to SHS, routine biochemical screening should be considered as a tool to reduce SHS exposure. The clinical significance of light exposure needs to be investigated.ImplicationsUrine biomarker screening found that a large majority (87%) of adolescents treated in an urban public hospital are exposed to tobacco. Since SHS is associated with significant respiratory diseases and parents and adolescents underreport exposure to SHS, routine biochemical screening should be considered as a tool to reduce SHS exposure.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2vp447tqTest

المؤلفون: Tidey, Jennifer W, Pacek, Lauren R, Koopmeiners, Joseph S, Vandrey, Ryan, Nardone, Natalie, Drobes, David J, Benowitz, Neal L, Dermody, Sarah S, Lemieux, Andrine, Denlinger, Rachel L, Cassidy, Rachel, al'Absi, Mustafa, Hatsukami, Dorothy K, Donny, Eric C

المصدر: Nicotine & Tobacco Research. 19(1)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Epidemiology, Public Health, Health Sciences, Substance Misuse, Brain Disorders, Prevention, Clinical Research, Depression, Tobacco Smoke and Health, Tobacco, Mental Health, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Cancer, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry), Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nicotine, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Smoking, Smoking Cessation, Smoking Prevention, Tobacco Products, Tobacco Use Disorder, Young Adult, Clinical Sciences, Public Health and Health Services, Marketing, Public health

الوصف: BackgroundThe FDA recently acquired regulatory authority over tobacco products, leading to renewed interest in whether reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes would reduce tobacco dependence in the United States. Given the association between depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking, it is important to consider whether smokers with elevated depressive symptoms experience unique benefits or negative consequences of nicotine reduction.MethodsIn this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial that examined the effects of cigarettes varying in nicotine content over a 6-week period in non-treatment-seeking smokers, we used linear regression to examine whether baseline depressive symptom severity (scores on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D]) moderated the effects of reduced-nicotine content (RNC) cigarettes, relative to normal-nicotine content (NNC) cigarettes, on smoking rates, depressive symptom severity, and related subjective and physiological measures.ResultsOf the 717 participants included in this analysis, 109 (15.2%) had CES-D scores ≥ 16, indicative of possible clinical depression. Relative to NNC cigarettes, RNC cigarettes reduced smoking rates, nicotine dependence, and cigarette craving, and these effects were not significantly moderated by baseline CES-D score. A significant interaction between baseline CES-D score and cigarette condition on week 6 CES-D score was observed (p < .05); among those with CES-D scores ≥ 16 at baseline, those assigned to RNC cigarettes had lower week 6 CES-D scores than those assigned to NNC cigarettes. Among those in the lowest nicotine content conditions, biochemically confirmed compliance with the RNC cigarettes was associated with an increase in CES-D score for those with baseline CES-D scores < 16 and no change in CES-D score for those with baseline CES-D scores ≥ 16.ConclusionsThese findings provide initial evidence that a reduced-nicotine standard for cigarettes may reduce smoking, without worsening depressive symptoms, among smokers with elevated depressive symptoms.ImplicationsThis secondary analysis of a recent clinical trial examined whether depressive symptom severity moderated the effects of reduced-nicotine cigarettes on smoking and depressive symptoms. Results indicate that, regardless of baseline depressive symptoms, participants randomized to reduced-nicotine cigarettes had lower smoking rates, nicotine intake, nicotine dependence, and craving at week 6 post-randomization than those assigned to normal-nicotine cigarettes. In participants with higher baseline depressive symptoms, those assigned to reduced-nicotine cigarettes had lower week 6 depressive symptoms than those assigned to normal-nicotine cigarettes. These results suggest that a nicotine reduction policy could have beneficial effects for smokers, regardless of depressive symptom severity.

الوصول الحر: https://escholarship.org/uc/item/69d9z7xfTest

المؤلفون: Natalie Nardone, Peyton Jacob, Gideon St.Helen, Lisa Sanderson Cox, Neal L. Benowitz

المصدر: Nicotine Tob Res

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, Nicotine, Daily intake, Urinary system, Original Investigations, Physiology, Urine, Cigarette Smoking, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Cigarette smoking, Tobacco, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cotinine, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Middle Aged, chemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Disease risk, Biomarker (medicine), Female, business, Biomarkers, medicine.drug

الوصف: Introduction Accurate measurement of nicotine exposure from cigarette smoke is important in studying disease risk and level of dependence. Urine total nicotine equivalents, the molar sum of nicotine and six metabolites (NE7), accounts for more than 90% of a nicotine dose and is independent of individual metabolic differences. However, measuring NE7 is technically difficult and costly. We compared NE7, the gold standard of nicotine intake, with different combinations of fewer urinary nicotine metabolites. We also examined the impact of individual differences in nicotine metabolic rate, sex, and race on strength of association with NE7. Methods Urine samples from 796 daily smokers, who participated across five clinical studies, were assayed for nicotine and/or metabolites. Associations with NE7 were assessed by regression and Bland–Altman analyses. Results Overall, the molar sum of urine [cotinine + 3′-hydroxycotinine (3HC)] (NE2) and [nicotine + cotinine + 3HC] (NE3) were strongly correlated with NE7 (r = .97 and .99, respectively). However, in slow metabolizers NE2 was less predictive of NE7, whereas NE3 was equally robust. Urine total cotinine was also strongly correlated with NE7 (r = .87). Conclusions Urine NE3 is a robust biomarker of daily nicotine intake, independently of individual metabolic differences, whereas NE2 is less accurate in slow metabolizers. Our findings inform the selection of more rigorous and cost-effective measures to assess nicotine exposure in tobacco research studies. Implications The molar sum of urine total nicotine, cotinine and 3HC (NE3) is a robust biomarker of daily nicotine intake, independently of individual metabolic differences, and performs as well as measuring seven nicotine metabolites (NE7). The sum of cotinine and 3HC (NE2) is less accurate in slow metabolizers. Our findings inform the selection of more rigorous and cost-effective measures to assess nicotine exposure in tobacco research studies.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::5aee32e97e6691568f81d6499bdf0745Test
https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntz034Test

المؤلفون: David J. Drobes, Lauren R. Pacek, Eric C. Donny, Ryan Vandrey, Neal L. Benowitz, Andrine Lemieux, Rachel L. Denlinger, Rachel N. Cassidy, Mustafa al'Absi, Sarah S. Dermody, Jennifer W. Tidey, Natalie Nardone, Dorothy K. Hatsukami, Joseph S. Koopmeiners

المصدر: Tidey, JW; Pacek, LR; Koopmeiners, JS; Vandrey, R; Nardone, N; Drobes, DJ; et al.(2017). Effects of 6-Week Use of Reduced-Nicotine Content Cigarettes in Smokers With and Without Elevated Depressive Symptoms.. Nicotine Tob Res, 19(1), 59-67. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntw199. UCSF: Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/69d9z7xfTest

مصطلحات موضوعية: Adult, Male, Nicotine, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, 030508 substance abuse, Smoking Prevention, Craving, law.invention, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Double-Blind Method, Randomized controlled trial, law, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, Depression (differential diagnoses), Original Investigation, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Depression, business.industry, Smoking, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Tobacco Products, Tobacco Use Disorder, Middle Aged, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Clinical trial, Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry), Smoking cessation, Female, Smoking Cessation, medicine.symptom, 0305 other medical science, business, medicine.drug

الوصف: Author(s): Tidey, Jennifer W; Pacek, Lauren R; Koopmeiners, Joseph S; Vandrey, Ryan; Nardone, Natalie; Drobes, David J; Benowitz, Neal L; Dermody, Sarah S; Lemieux, Andrine; Denlinger, Rachel L; Cassidy, Rachel; al'Absi, Mustafa; Hatsukami, Dorothy K; Donny, Eric C | Abstract: BackgroundThe FDA recently acquired regulatory authority over tobacco products, leading to renewed interest in whether reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes would reduce tobacco dependence in the United States. Given the association between depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking, it is important to consider whether smokers with elevated depressive symptoms experience unique benefits or negative consequences of nicotine reduction.MethodsIn this secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial that examined the effects of cigarettes varying in nicotine content over a 6-week period in non-treatment-seeking smokers, we used linear regression to examine whether baseline depressive symptom severity (scores on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale [CES-D]) moderated the effects of reduced-nicotine content (RNC) cigarettes, relative to normal-nicotine content (NNC) cigarettes, on smoking rates, depressive symptom severity, and related subjective and physiological measures.ResultsOf the 717 participants included in this analysis, 109 (15.2%) had CES-D scores ≥ 16, indicative of possible clinical depression. Relative to NNC cigarettes, RNC cigarettes reduced smoking rates, nicotine dependence, and cigarette craving, and these effects were not significantly moderated by baseline CES-D score. A significant interaction between baseline CES-D score and cigarette condition on week 6 CES-D score was observed (p l .05); among those with CES-D scores ≥ 16 at baseline, those assigned to RNC cigarettes had lower week 6 CES-D scores than those assigned to NNC cigarettes. Among those in the lowest nicotine content conditions, biochemically confirmed compliance with the RNC cigarettes was associated with an increase in CES-D score for those with baseline CES-D scores l 16 and no change in CES-D score for those with baseline CES-D scores ≥ 16.ConclusionsThese findings provide initial evidence that a reduced-nicotine standard for cigarettes may reduce smoking, without worsening depressive symptoms, among smokers with elevated depressive symptoms.ImplicationsThis secondary analysis of a recent clinical trial examined whether depressive symptom severity moderated the effects of reduced-nicotine cigarettes on smoking and depressive symptoms. Results indicate that, regardless of baseline depressive symptoms, participants randomized to reduced-nicotine cigarettes had lower smoking rates, nicotine intake, nicotine dependence, and craving at week 6 post-randomization than those assigned to normal-nicotine cigarettes. In participants with higher baseline depressive symptoms, those assigned to reduced-nicotine cigarettes had lower week 6 depressive symptoms than those assigned to normal-nicotine cigarettes. These results suggest that a nicotine reduction policy could have beneficial effects for smokers, regardless of depressive symptom severity.

وصف الملف: application/pdf

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::f465b6fa6d9fb8dce81c1f37d80b41b0Test
https://doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntw199Test