المؤلفون: Binda, Karina Henrique^1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Chacur, Marucia¹ (AUTHOR), Martins, Daniel Oliveira^1,4 (AUTHOR) daniel.martins@hsl.org.br

المصدر: Neurotoxicity Research. Oct2023, Vol. 41 Issue 5, p459-470. 12p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *NEUROPEPTIDES, *TREADMILL exercise, *AEROBIC exercises, *OROFACIAL pain, *TRPV cation channels, *PARKINSON'S disease, *CANNABINOID receptors, *CALCITONIN gene-related peptide

مستخلص: Pain is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD), which often occurs in the early disease stages. Despite the high prevalence, it remains inadequately treated. In a hemi-parkinsonian rat model, we aimed to investigate the neurochemical factors involved in orofacial pain development, with a specific focus on pain-related peptides and cannabinoid receptors. We also evaluated whether treadmill exercise could improve orofacial pain and modulate these mechanisms. Rats were unilaterally injected in the striatum with either 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or saline. Fifteen days after stereotactic surgery, the animals were submitted to treadmill exercise (EX), or remained sedentary (SED). Pain assessment was performed before the surgical procedure and prior to each training session. Pain-related peptides, substance P (SP), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) activation and cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and type 2 (CB2) were evaluated in the trigeminal nucleus. In order to confirm the possible involvement of cannabinoid receptors, we also injected antagonists of CB1 and CB2 receptors. We confirmed the presence of orofacial pain after unilateral 6-OHDA-injection, which improved after aerobic exercise training. We also observed increased pain-related expression of SP, CGRP and TRPV1 and decreased CB1 and CB2 in the trigeminal ganglion and caudal spinal trigeminal nucleus in animals with PD, which was reversed after aerobic exercise training. In addition, we confirm the involvement of cannabinoid receptors since both antagonists decreased the nociceptive threshold of PD animals. These data suggest that aerobic exercise effectively improved the orofacial pain associated with the PD model, and may be mediated by pain-related neuropeptides and cannabinoid receptors in the trigeminal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Navazani, Pouria¹ (AUTHOR), Vaseghi, Salar^2,3 (AUTHOR), Hashemi, Mehrdad¹ (AUTHOR), Shafaati, Mohammad-Reza⁴ (AUTHOR), Nasehi, Mohammad² (AUTHOR) Nasehi@iricss.org

المصدر: Neurotoxicity Research. Aug2021, Vol. 39 Issue 4, p1274-1284. 11p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *TREADMILL exercise, *TREADMILLS, *APOPTOSIS inducing factor, *PEROXISOME proliferator-activated receptors, *LABORATORY rats, *BCL-2 proteins, *CELL death

مستخلص: Thimerosal (THIM) induces neurotoxic changes including neuronal death and releases apoptosis inducing factors from mitochondria to cytosol. THIM alters the expression level of factors involved in apoptosis. On the other hand, the anti-apoptotic effects of exercise have been reported. In this study, we aimed to discover the effect of three protocols of treadmill exercise on the expression level of mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), BCL-2-associated death (BAD), BCL-2-associated X (BAX), BCL-XL, and BCL-2 (a pro-survival BCL-2 protein) in the hippocampus of control and THIM-exposed rats. Male Wistar rats were used in this research. Real-time PCR was applied to assess genes expression. The results showed that THIM increased the expression of pro-apoptotic factors (BAD and BAX), decreased the expression of anti-apoptotic factors (BCL-2 and BCL-XL), and decreased the expression of factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis (TFAM and PGC-1α). Treadmill exercise protocols reversed the effect of THIM on all genes. In addition, treadmill exercise protocols decreased the expression of BAD and BAX, increased the expression of BCL-2, and increased the expression of TFAM and PGC-1α in control rats. In conclusion, THIM induced a pro-apoptotic effect and disturbed mitochondrial biogenesis and stability, whereas treadmill exercise reversed these effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Rezaee, Zeinab¹ (AUTHOR), Marandi, Sayed Mohammad^1,2 (AUTHOR) s.m.marandi@spr.ui.ac.ir, Alaei, Hojjatallah^3,4 (AUTHOR) alaei@med.mui.ac.ir, Esfarjani, Fahimeh¹ (AUTHOR), Feyzollahzadeh, Sadegh⁵ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Neurotoxicity Research. May2019, Vol. 35 Issue 4, p908-917. 10p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *TREADMILL exercise, *COOLDOWN, *PARKINSON'S disease, *TREADMILLS, *REDUCING exercises, *PEROXISOME proliferator-activated receptors

مستخلص: Metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in Parkinson's disease, while exercise can induce essential pathways of mitochondrial biogenesis. Here, we tested whether long-term preventive treadmill training (16 weeks, 21 m/min, and 0° inclinations for 50 min/d, 5 d/week) effects the mitochondrial and neurodegeneration markers, in the striatum of rats in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) model of Parkinson's disease. Following 16 weeks of exercise or no exercise period (n = 16 rats per group), the animals were divided into four experimental groups (n = 8 per group): (1) no exercise and saline (SED), (2) exercise and saline (EX), (3) no exercise and 6-OHDA (SED + 6-OHDA), and (4) exercise and 6-OHDA (EX + 6-OHDA). For the model, 8 μg of 6-OHDA (2 μg/μL prepared in a solution of 0.2% ascorbic acid and 0.9% saline) was injected into the right medial forebrain bundle. Exposure to 6-OHDA resulted in a significant reduction (P < 0.05) of mitochondrial factors AMP-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha, and tyrosine hydroxylase, and increased expression of silent information regulator T1, mitochondrial transcription factor A, and p53 in the SED + 6-OHDA group relative to SED group. By contrast, gene and protein expressions upon exercise were higher and p53 protein level was lower in the EX + 6-OHDA group compared with SED + 6-OHDA. Further, exercise reduced the extent of weight loss associated with the 6-OHDA injection. In conclusion, exercise might be used to reduce mitochondrial disorders in Parkinson's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Melo, Karla P.¹, Silva, Carolliny M.¹, Almeida, Michael F.¹, Chaves, Rodrigo S.¹, Marcourakis, Tania², Cardoso, Sandra M.³, Demasi, Marilene⁴, Netto, Luis E. S.¹, Ferrari, Merari F. R.¹ merari@usp.br

المصدر: Neurotoxicity Research. Feb2019, Vol. 35 Issue 2, p410-420. 11p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *TREADMILL exercise, *OXIDATIVE stress, *ROTENONE, *PHYSICAL activity, *SPINAL cord, *NEURODEGENERATION

مستخلص: Proteostasis and oxidative stress were evaluated in motor cortex and spinal cord of aged Lewis rats exposed to 1 mg/kg/day of rotenone during 4 or 8 weeks, prior or after practicing three protocols of mild treadmill running. Results demonstrated that exercise done after the beginning of neurodegeneration reverted the increased oxidative stress (measured by H2O2 levels and SOD activity), increased neuron strength, and improved proteostasis in motor cortex. Spinal cord was not affected. Treadmill running practiced before neurodegeneration protected cortical motor neurons of the rotenone-exposed rats; but in this case, oxidative stress was not altered, whereas proteasome activity was increased and autophagy decreased. Spinal cord was not protected when exercise was practiced before neurodegeneration. Prolonged treadmill running (10 weeks) increased oxidative stress, autophagy, and proteasome activity, whereas neuron viability was decreased in motor cortex. In spinal cord, this protocol decreased oxidative stress and increased proteasome activity. Major conclusions were that treadmill running practiced before or after the beginning of neurodegeneration may protect motor cortex neurons, whereas prolonged mild running seems to be beneficial for spinal cord. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Koo, Jung-Hoon, Cho, Joon-Yong¹ chojy86@knsu.ac.kr

المصدر: Neurotoxicity Research. Oct2017, Vol. 32 Issue 3, p473-486. 14p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *TREADMILL exercise, *PARKINSON'S disease diagnosis, *PARKINSON'S disease treatment, *ELLIPTICAL trainers, *PHYSICAL activity, *AUTOPHAGY, *LABORATORY mice, *MICE behavior

مستخلص: Accumulation of alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) is significantly correlated with the presence of progressive motor deficits, which is the main symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). Although physical exercise reduces α-Syn levels, the molecular mechanisms by which physical exercise decreases α-Syn remain unclear. We hypothesized that treadmill exercise (TE) decreases α-Syn levels by improving mitochondrial function and promoting autophagy via the sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) signaling pathway in the chronic 1-methyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine with probenecid (MPTP/P)-induced mouse model of PD. We found that TE reduces α-Syn levels, which subsequently ameliorates dopaminergic (DAergic) neuron loss and α-Syn-mediated apoptotic cell death. Most importantly, TE increases SIRT1 expression, which results in increased mitochondrial biogenesis and decreased oxidative stress by activating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α). SIRT1 activation by TE also promotes autophagic clearance of α-Syn by inducing the activation of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3). Collectively, our results demonstrate that TE may reduce α-Syn levels by improving mitochondrial function and increasing autophagic flux, thereby ameliorating chronic MPTP/P-induced motor deficits in PD mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Koo, Jung-Hoon, Cho, Joon-Yong¹ chojy86@knsu.ac.kr

المصدر: Neurotoxicity Research. Oct2017, Vol. 32 Issue 3, p532-533. 2p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *TREADMILL exercise, *MITOCHONDRIAL physiology, *ANIMAL models of Alzheimer's disease

المؤلفون: Archer, Trevor, 1949, Fredriksson, A.

المصدر: Neurotoxicity Research. 24(3):393-406

مصطلحات موضوعية: Psychology, Psykologi, MPTP, Running wheels, Motor activity, Amelioration, Dopamine, Mice-yeast, 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1, 6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE-LESIONED MOUSE MODEL, BASAL, GANGLIA INJURY, PARKINSONS-DISEASE, SYSTEMS BIOLOGY, NEUROTOXIN, 6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE, TREADMILL EXERCISE, ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE, ANIMAL-MODEL, DEFICITS, BEHAVIOR

الوصف: Both clinical and laboratory studies have demonstrated that different types of physical exercise may alleviate Parkinsonism yet evidence for complete restoration of motor function and biomarker integrity are difficult to identify. MPTP (1 x 30 mg/kg, s.c., 4 groups) or saline (vehicle 1 x 5 ml/kg, s.c., 1 group) were administered in a single dose regime over three consecutive weeks on Fridays. Three MPTP groups were given four 30-min periods/week (Mondays to Thursdays), of these two groups, MPTP + Exer + M(i) and MPTP + Exer + M(ii); the former were introduced to exercise and Milmed (oral injection) on the week following the 1st MPTP injection and the latter on the Monday prior to the 1st injection of MPTP onwards. One MPTP group, MPTP + Exer, was given access to exercise (running wheels) from the week following the 1st MPTP injection onwards. The fourth MPTP group, MPTP-NoEx, and the Vehicle group were only given access to exercise on a single day each week (Wednesdays, exercise test) from the week following the 1st MPTP injection onwards. The exercise/exercise + Milmed regime was maintained for a further 9 weeks. It was observed that exercise by itself ameliorated MPTP-induced deficits regarding motor function and dopamine loss only partially whereas in the groups combining exercise with twice weekly dosages of Milmed the MPTP-induced deficits were abolished by the 10th week of the intervention. The three main conclusions that were drawn from correlational analyses of individual mice were: (i) that DA integrity was observed to be a direct function of ability to express running exercise in a treadmill wheel-running arrangement, and (ii) that DA integrity was observed to be a direct function of the capacity for motor performance as measured by spontaneous motor activity and subthreshold l-Dopa (5 mg/kg) induced activity in the motor activity test chambers, and (iii) that the extent to which running exercise in a running wheel was predictive of later motor performance in the activity test chambers was highly convincing.

الوصول الحر: https://gup.ub.gu.se/publication/184613Test