Biosynthesis of saponin defensive compounds in sea cucumbers
| العنوان: | Biosynthesis of saponin defensive compounds in sea cucumbers |
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| المؤلفون: | Ramesha Thimmappa, Shi Wang, Minyan Zheng, Rajesh Chandra Misra, Ancheng C. Huang, Gerhard Saalbach, Yaqing Chang, Zunchun Zhou, Veronica Hinman, Zhenmin Bao, Anne Osbourn |
| المصدر: | Nature Chemical Biology. 18:774-781 |
| بيانات النشر: | Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2022. |
| سنة النشر: | 2022 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Sterols, Glycosylation, Sea Cucumbers, Animals, Cell Biology, Saponins, Molecular Biology, Triterpenes |
| الوصف: | Soft-bodied slow-moving sea creatures such as sea stars and sea cucumbers lack an adaptive immune system and have instead evolved the ability to make specialized protective chemicals (glycosylated steroids and triterpenes) as part of their innate immune system. This raises the intriguing question of how these biosynthetic pathways have evolved. Sea star saponins are steroidal, while those of the sea cucumber are triterpenoid. Sterol biosynthesis in animals involves cyclization of 2,3-oxidosqualene to lanosterol by the oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC) enzyme lanosterol synthase (LSS). Here we show that sea cucumbers lack LSS and instead have two divergent OSCs that produce triterpene saponins and that are likely to have evolved from an ancestral LSS by gene duplication and neofunctionalization. We further show that sea cucumbers make alternate sterols that confer protection against self-poisoning by their own saponins. Collectively, these events have enabled sea cucumbers to evolve the ability to produce saponins and saponin-resistant sterols concomitantly. |
| تدمد: | 1552-4469 1552-4450 |
| الوصول الحر: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::308ce17ae156bfd9b049ff70dd58f9b5Test https://doi.org/10.1038/s41589-022-01054-yTest |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....308ce17ae156bfd9b049ff70dd58f9b5 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 15524469 15524450 |
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