المؤلفون: Seid Mahdi Jafari, S. Yousefdoost, S. Sanaz Ramezanpour, F. Samadi, S. Hassani, Fariba Ganji

المصدر: Livestock Science. 228:177-186

مصطلحات موضوعية: animal structures, Antioxidant, General Veterinary, biology, Chemistry, medicine.medical_treatment, Protein metabolism, Broiler, medicine.disease_cause, Superoxide dismutase, chemistry.chemical_compound, Toxicity, Tetrachloride, medicine, Carbon tetrachloride, biology.protein, Animal Science and Zoology, Food science, Oxidative stress

الوصف: The objective of this study was to evaluate antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of nanoencapsulated silymarin (NES) against carbon tetrachloride-induced oxidative stress in broiler chickens. An in vitro study was conducted using a 20 kHz ultrasound with 62.5% amplitude to produce NES, stabilized by alginate for controlled release of its bioactive compounds in simulated gastrointestinal tract of broiler chickens. Results showed that sonication reduced the size of particles from 657.5 to 169.1 nm and polydispersity index from 0.60 to 0.31. Simulated gastrointestinal digestion in vitro indicated that NES was more resistant to gastric fluid compared to intestinal fluid. An animal model study was designed to investigate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of NES on broiler chickens subjected to carbon tetrachloride-mediated oxidative stress. A total of 640 one-day-old mail broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 8 treatments with 4 replicate cages of 20 broiler chickens per cage as 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments in a completely randomized design, including 2 concentrations of silymarin (0 and 100 mg/kg of body weight), NES (0 and 100 mg/kg of body weight), and carbon tetrachloride (0 and 1 mL/kg of body weight). All broiler chickens were fed a common diet throughout the study. From d 21, broiler chickens of control group received saline (intraperitoneally), while other treatment groups received silymarin (orally), carbon tetrachloride (intraperitoneally), and NES (orally). On d 42, 2 broiler chickens per replicate cage were euthanized for blood and tissue sampling. The interactions of silymarin × carbon tetrachloride (P = 0.003) and NES × carbon tetrachloride (P = 0.001) improved protein metabolism and lipid oxidative stability (P = 0.001). Combination of NES and carbon tetrachloride decreased serum content of alanine aminotransferase (P = 0.001), whereas combination of silymarin and carbon tetrachloride and NES increased (P = 0.02) its serum content as compared to broiler chickens that received none of those treatments. Carbon tetrachloride down-regulated (P = 0.03) the expression of superoxide dismutase 1, while silymarin, NES, and combination of silymarin and NES up-regulated its expression (P = 0.03). In contrast to carbon tetrachloride (P = 0.001), NES down-regulated (P = 0.03) heat shock protein 47 as compared with broiler chickens that received none of those treatments. In conclusion, NES has potential to mitigate the oxidative stress-induced hepatotoxicity in broiler chickens through modulation of oxidative stress biomarkers and expression of superoxide dismutase 1 and heat shock protein 47 genes.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::460b0bec1dbb73a44248f5103579af6dTest
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2019.08.015Test

المؤلفون: F. Moslemipour, Y. Jafari Ahangari, S. Hassani, Amir Akhlaghi

المصدر: Livestock Science. 160:219-222

مصطلحات موضوعية: Future studies, General Veterinary, Ecology, Mean value, Biology, Seasonality, medicine.disease, Latitude, Animal science, Middle latitudes, Temperate climate, medicine, Animal Science and Zoology, Sheep breed

الوصف: At mid and high latitudes, seasonal breeding is prevalent in sheep production which makes ewes to reproduce for a restricted window of time. Unconfirmed local reports have declared a continuous reproductive activity in a half-tailed sheep breed, Dalagh, at a midlatitude region (371N) in Golestan province, northern Iran. The present study aimed to evaluate the ovarian and thyroidal activity in Dalagh ewes during a one-year-long trial. Fifty-five fertile healthy ewes were isolated from rams and bled weekly to quantify the serum levels of progesterone (P4), tri-iodothyronine (T3), and tetra-iodothyronine (T4), using radioimmunoassay. The day-length and ambient temperature were recorded daily. The lowest overall mean of P4 level was recorded in winter; whereas, no differences were found among those of other seasons. The overall mean values of serum T3 level were comparable in spring, autumn, and winter, being higher than that recorded in summer. The highest mean value of T4 level was found in winter and the lowest ones were observed in spring and summer with that of autumn lying between these extremes. The weekly variation of P4 level showed a decreasing trend towards the end of the trial, where the highest P4 levels were found in late May and September and the lowest one was noted in mid March. Interestingly, individual weekly records of P4 for each ewe revealed that none of the animals studied showed an 8-week or longer period wherein P4 level fell below 1 ng/mL, the threshold reported for anestrous status. Although T3 levels had a steady trend, serum T4 showed an increasing trend as the trial proceeded, with the highest and lowest records found in January and July, respectively. Correlation coefficients between serum P4 ,T 3, and T4 levels with day-length were þ0.21, –0.25, and –0.42, respectively. The corresponding values with ambient temperature were þ0.30, –0.57, and –0.84 for P4 ,T 3, and T4, respectively. Data suggested that despite reproducing in a midlatitude temperate region, Dalagh ewes showed a continuous cyclicity in ovarian activity throughout the year that would be beneficial to exploit it in breeding schemes to decrease seasonality at mid or possibly high latitudes. Future studies may be interested in searching for the underlying mechanism(s) involved.

الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_________::164f929fb1042491cb906b5fc778d0bcTest
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2013.12.018Test