التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
| العنوان: |
Immune Checkpoints as the Immune System Regulators and Potential Biomarkers in HIV-1 Infection. |
| المؤلفون: |
Sperk, Maike1, Neogi, Ujjwal1, Domselaar, Robert van2 |
| المصدر: |
International Journal of Molecular Sciences. Jul2018, Vol. 19 Issue 7, p2000. 1p. 1 Diagram, 1 Chart. |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: |
*BIOLOGICAL tags, *HIV, *CELL death, *T cells, *DISEASE progression |
| مستخلص: |
Immune checkpoints are several co-stimulatory and inhibitory pathways that regulate T cell immune responses. Most of the discoveries about immune checkpoints were made in cancer research where inhibitory immune checkpoints cause immune exhaustion and down-regulate anti-tumor responses. In addition to cancer, immune checkpoints are exploited in chronic infectious diseases. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, the immune checkpoint molecule called programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) has been determined as being a major regulatory factor for T cell exhaustion. Recent studies with antibodies blocking either PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) or PD-1 show not only promising results in the enhancement of HIV-specific immune responses but even in reducing the latent HIV reservoir. Apart from the therapeutic target for a functional cure of HIV-1, immune checkpoint molecules might be used as biomarkers for monitoring disease progression and therapeutic response. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules PD-1, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4), lymphocyte-activation gene 3 (LAG3), and T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-domain-containing-3 (TIM3) as well as the co-stimulatory molecules CD40L and CD70, including their role in immunity, with a particular focus on HIV infection, and being potential targets for a functional HIV cure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| قاعدة البيانات: |
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