Glucose Exerts an Anti-Melanogenic Effect by Indirect Inactivation of Tyrosinase in Melanocytes and a Human Skin Equivalent
العنوان: | Glucose Exerts an Anti-Melanogenic Effect by Indirect Inactivation of Tyrosinase in Melanocytes and a Human Skin Equivalent |
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المؤلفون: | Sung Hoon Lee, Jongsung Lee, Chang Seok Lee, Il-Hong Bae, Hyoung-June Kim, Eun-Soo Lee |
المصدر: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences Volume 21 Issue 5 International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 21, Iss 5, p 1736 (2020) |
بيانات النشر: | MDPI AG, 2020. |
سنة النشر: | 2020 |
مصطلحات موضوعية: | melanogenesis, 0301 basic medicine, Tyrosinase, Blotting, Western, Human skin, tyrosinase, Article, Catalysis, lcsh:Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Melanin, Mice, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Cell Line, Tumor, Animals, Humans, glucose, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Cytotoxicity, Sugar, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Molecular Biology, Spectroscopy, Skin, Melanins, integumentary system, Monophenol Monooxygenase, Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, General Medicine, Computer Science Applications, Lactic acid, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Biology (General), lcsh:QD1-999, Biochemistry, alpha-MSH, sugar, human skin equivalent, Melanocytes, Energy source, Intracellular |
الوصف: | Sugars are ubiquitous in organisms and well-known cosmetic ingredients for moisturizing skin with minimal side-effects. Glucose, a simple sugar used as an energy source by living cells, is often used in skin care products. Several reports have demonstrated that sugar and sugar-related compounds have anti-melanogenic effects on melanocytes. However, the underlying molecular mechanism by which glucose inhibits melanin synthesis is unknown, even though glucose is used as a whitening as well as moisturizing ingredient in cosmetics. Herein, we found that glucose significantly reduced the melanin content of &alpha melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)-stimulated B16 cells and darkly pigmented normal human melanocytes with no signs of cytotoxicity. Furthermore, topical treatment of glucose clearly demonstrated its whitening efficacy through photography, Fontana-Masson (F& M) staining, and multi-photon microscopy in a pigmented 3D human skin model, MelanoDerm. However, glucose did not alter the gene expression or protein levels of major melanogenic proteins in melanocytes. While glucose potently decreased intracellular tyrosinase activity in melanocytes, it did not reduce mushroom tyrosinase activity in a cell-free experimental system. However, glucose was metabolized into lactic acid, which can powerfully suppress tyrosinase activity. Thus, we concluded that glucose indirectly inhibits tyrosinase activity through conversion into lactic acid, explaining its anti-melanogenic effects in melanocytes. |
وصف الملف: | application/pdf |
تدمد: | 1422-0067 |
الوصول الحر: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::c7662c737352c54804fccc4f532ea806Test https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21051736Test |
حقوق: | OPEN |
رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....c7662c737352c54804fccc4f532ea806 |
قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
تدمد: | 14220067 |
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