المؤلفون: Barnhart, Wesley R.¹, Cui, Tianxiang², Cui, Shuqi³, Ren, Yaoxiang³, Ji, Feng⁴, He, Jinbo³ anlfhe@gmail.com

المصدر: International Journal of Eating Disorders. Dec2023, Vol. 56 Issue 12, p2304-2314. 11p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *STRUCTURAL equation modeling, *COMPULSIVE eating, *BODY weight, *CROSS-sectional method, *MATHEMATICAL models, *PREJUDICES, *PEARSON correlation (Statistics), *COMPARATIVE studies, *TEENAGERS' conduct of life, *THEORY, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *QUESTIONNAIRES, *RESEARCH funding, *PSYCHOLOGICAL distress, *LONGITUDINAL method, *MENTAL health services, *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors, *ADOLESCENCE

مصطلحات جغرافية: CHINA

مستخلص: Objective: Relationships exist between food addiction symptoms, weight bias internalization, and psychological distress, yet previous research is primarily cross‐sectional with adults from Western contexts. We examined the prospective relationships between food addiction symptoms, weight bias internalization, and psychological distress in Chinese adolescents. Methods: Over three time points (Time 1, baseline; Time 2, 6‐months; Time 3, 12‐months) spanning 1 year, we examined cross‐sectional and bi‐directional relationships between food addiction symptoms, weight bias internalization, and psychological distress in Chinese adolescents (N = 589; aged 14–18 years at baseline). Pearson correlations and cross‐lagged models examined the cross‐sectional and longitudinal relationships between food addiction symptoms, weight bias internalization, and psychological distress. Results: Cross‐sectional correlations suggested positive relationships between food addiction symptoms, weight bias internalization, and psychological distress at each time point. Regarding bi‐directional relationships, higher psychological distress was associated with both higher weight bias internalization and higher food addiction symptoms at the following time points. However, food addiction symptoms and weight bias internalization were not prospectively associated. Time 2 psychological distress did not significantly mediate the relationship between Time 1 weight bias internalization and Time 3 food addiction symptoms. Discussion: Findings suggest no direct longitudinal link between food addiction symptoms and weight bias internalization and vice versa. However, findings do suggest that psychological distress is temporally associated with higher food addiction symptoms and weight bias internalization in Chinese adolescents. Targeting psychological distress may prove useful in treatments of food addiction symptoms and weight bias internalization in Chinese adolescents. Public Significance: Positive associations exist between food addiction symptoms, weight bias internalization, and psychological distress, but findings are largely cross‐sectional and bound to adult populations from Western contexts. Using a longitudinal design in Chinese adolescents, findings suggested that baseline psychological distress was associated with higher food addiction symptoms and higher weight bias internalization at follow‐up time points. Treatments targeting psychological distress may be helpful in reducing food addiction symptoms and weight bias internalization in Chinese adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Herb Neff, Kirstie M., Buta, Eugenia, Fenn, Lindsay M., Ramsey, Christine N., Snow, Jennifer L., Haskell, Sally G., Masheb, Robin M.

المصدر: International Journal of Eating Disorders; Apr2024, Vol. 57 Issue 4, p827-838, 12p

مصطلحات موضوعية: WEIGHT loss, STATISTICAL models, POST-traumatic stress disorder, MENTAL health, RESEARCH funding, SECONDARY analysis, CRONBACH'S alpha, BODY mass index, HEALTH status indicators, QUESTIONNAIRES, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, CLASSIFICATION of mental disorders, PSYCHOLOGY of veterans, ANOREXIA nervosa, CASE-control method, PSYCHOLOGICAL stress, SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC factors, COMPARATIVE studies, COMPULSIVE eating, PSYCHOLOGICAL tests, ANXIETY disorders, COGNITION, REGRESSION analysis, SELF-perception, COMORBIDITY

مصطلحات جغرافية: UNITED States

مستخلص: Objective: Veterans are at high risk for eating disorders (EDs), and specifically for atypical anorexia nervosa (atypical AN). The current study aimed to better understand this under‐studied disorder and how it differs from weight loss without ED cognitive features. Method: Secondary analyses were conducted with data from a national study of Veterans (N = 882, 49.4% women). Participants were categorized into four mutually exclusive groups using the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale 5: probable atypical AN, a cognitive concerns group (Cog Only), a weight suppressed group (WS Only), and a no ED control group. Adjusted regression models were used to compare groups on measures of eating pathology and mental health. Three weight suppression thresholds (5%, 10%, and 15%) for probable atypical AN were also tested. Results: The sample was comprised of 12% probable atypical AN, 23.6% Cog Only, 16.3% WS Only, and 48.1% Control. The probable atypical AN group was most like the Cog Only group except for higher levels of dietary restraint. Atypical AN fared worse and was least like the Control group followed by the WS Only group. All weight suppression thresholds significantly predicted dietary restraint, with 5% being the best predictor. Discussion: Results found that probable atypical AN is a distinct clinical entity and that the exact weight suppression threshold associated with atypical AN is less important than having any weight suppression. Findings highlight the clinical significance of atypical AN and the importance of gaining a better understanding of how to address this clinical entity. Public significance: Atypical anorexia nervosa is a relatively underexamined but highly prevalent eating disorder in the Veteran population. Results show that ED cognitive features are more closely linked to clinically significant eating pathology and poor mental health than weight suppression alone suggesting that negative thinking about weight gain and appearance, regardless of the presence or severity of weight loss, may signal the need for specialized intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of International Journal of Eating Disorders is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: de Melo Barros, Ludmila¹, da Silva Júnior, André Eduardo², Praxedes, Dafiny Rodrigues Silva², Monteiro, Maíra Barbosa Lobo¹, de Lima Macena, Mateus², Bueno, Nassib Bezerra^1,2 nassib.bueno@fanut.ufal.br

المصدر: International Journal of Eating Disorders. Apr2023, Vol. 56 Issue 4, p677-690. 14p. 1 Diagram, 2 Charts, 2 Graphs.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *COMPULSIVE eating, *META-analysis, *SYSTEMATIC reviews, *MEDLINE

مصطلحات جغرافية: LATIN America

الملخص (بالإنجليزية): Objective: Food addiction (FA) has been extensively investigated worldwide; however, the prevalence of FA in the Latin American population has yet to be established and past work has largely neglected the specificities of this region, that includes the most significant economic disparities in the world. Thus, the objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of FA measured by the Yale Food Addiction Scale in Latin America. Method: The search was performed on MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, LILACS, IBECS, SciELO, PsycArticles, CENTRAL, and the gray literature. FA prevalence data were collected, and random effects meta‐analyses were performed to calculate the overall weighted prevalence, the prevalence by country, and by clinical and non‐clinical samples. Results: A total of 10,082 occurrences were identified through database searches, and 23 studies were included (Mexico = 9; Brazil = 7; Chile = 4; Argentina = 1; Peru = 1; Uruguay = 1). The prevalence of FA found in clinical samples was 38% (95% CI: 16%–63%; I2 = 98.67%; 8 studies), while in non‐clinical samples, it was 15% (95% CI: 10%–21%; I2 = 98.51%; 15 studies). Discussion: The average prevalence of FA in the Latin American countries included here was in accordance with that reported in other regions worldwide. It is noteworthy that the studies were conducted only in six countries, which are among those with the highest income in the region and do not represent the situation in native populations or those with lower purchasing power. This gap in the data also reflects the effects of economic disparities on the availability of empirical data in the region. Public Significance: The prevalence of food addiction in Latin America was similar to that reported in other regions. It was higher among individuals with overweight, whether or not undergoing bariatric surgery, than in non‐clinical samples. These findings contribute to aggregate information about this condition that has drawn the attention of clinicians and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract (Spanish): Resumen: Objetivo: La adicción a la comida (FA, por sus siglas en inglés) ha sido ampliamente investigada en todo el mundo; sin embargo, la prevalencia de la FA en la población latinoamericana aún no se ha establecido y el trabajo previo ha descuidado en gran medida las especificidades de esta región, que incluye las disparidades económicas más significativas del mundo. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de FA medida por la Escala de Adicción a la Comida de Yale en América Latina. Método: La búsqueda se realizó en MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, LILACS, IBECS, SciELO, PsycArticles, CENTRAL y la literatura gris. Se recopilaron datos de prevalencia de FA y se realizaron metanálisis de efectos aleatorios para calcular la prevalencia ponderada general, la prevalencia por país y por muestras clínicas y no clínicas. Resultado: Se identificaron 10 082 casos mediante búsquedas en bases de datos y se incluyeron 23 estudios (México = 9; Brasil = 7; Chile = 4; Argentina = 1; Perú = 1; Uruguay = 1). La prevalencia de FA encontrada en muestras clínicas fue del 38% (IC95%:16%; 63%; I2 = 98,67%; 8 estudios), mientras que en muestras no clínicas, fue del 15% (IC del 95%: 10%; 21%; I2 = 98,51%; 15 estudios). Discusión: La prevalencia promedio de FA en los países latinoamericanos incluidos aquí estuvo de acuerdo con la reportada en otras regiones del mundo. Cabe destacar que los estudios se realizaron solamente en seis países, que se encuentran entre los de mayores ingresos de la región y no representan la situación de las poblaciones nativas o de menor poder adquisitivo. Esta brecha en los datos también refleja los efectos de las disparidades económicas en la disponibilidad de datos empíricos en la región. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Bodell, Lindsay P.¹ lbodell@uwo.ca, Racine, Sarah E.²

المصدر: International Journal of Eating Disorders. Mar2023, Vol. 56 Issue 3, p516-522. 7p. 1 Diagram, 1 Chart.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *BINGE-eating disorder, *COMPULSIVE eating, *MATHEMATICAL models, *PLEASURE, *SEVERITY of illness index, *REWARD (Psychology), *THEORY

مستخلص: Altered reward processing is thought to characterize binge‐type eating disorders, but the exact nature of these alterations is unclear. A more fine‐grained understanding of whether specific aspects of reward processing contribute to the development or maintenance of binge eating may point to new therapeutic targets and personalized treatments. The incentive sensitization theory of addiction proposes that repeated use of a substance increases the desire to approach a reward ('wanting') but not pleasure when consuming the reward ('liking'), suggesting that reward processes driving addiction change over time. We hypothesize that the same may be true for binge eating. Further, consistent with the maladaptive scaling hypothesis, reward processing may be heightened for multiple reinforcers in at‐risk individuals but become tuned toward food once binge eating is initiated. In this article, we propose a mechanistic staging model of reward processing in binge‐type eating disorders that synthesizes existing data and posits that alterations of reward processing depend on illness stage and reward type. We outline translational methods for testing key hypotheses and discuss clinical implications. Considering reward processing alterations in relation to illness stage has the potential to improve treatment outcomes by ensuring that the mechanisms targeted are personalized to the individual patient. Public Significance: Individuals with binge‐type eating disorders experience alterations in their desire for, and pleasure from, food. We believe that the exact nature of these alterations in reward processing change over the course of illness—from the at‐risk state to an established illness. If true, treatments for binge‐type eating disorders that target reward processing should be personalized to the illness stage of the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Goldschmidt, Andrea B., Goldstein, Stephanie P., Schmiedek, Florian, Stalvey, Erin, Irizarry, Bailey, Thomas, J. Graham

المصدر: International Journal of Eating Disorders; Jan2024, Vol. 57 Issue 1, p93-103, 11p

مصطلحات موضوعية: MEMORY, FOOD habits, RESEARCH, EXECUTIVE function, COMPULSIVE eating, CHILDHOOD obesity, SELF-evaluation, CHILD behavior, TASK performance, COGNITION, PSYCHOSOCIAL functioning, PSYCHOLOGICAL tests, TEENAGERS' conduct of life, DISABILITIES, RESEARCH funding, EATING disorders, SPACE perception, CONTROL (Psychology), PSYCHOSOCIAL factors, CHILDREN, ADOLESCENCE

مستخلص: Background: Children with loss of control (LOC) eating and overweight/obesity have relative deficiencies in trait‐level working memory (WM), which may limit adaptive responding to intra‐ and extra‐personal cues related to eating. Understanding of how WM performance relates to eating behavior in real‐time is currently limited. Methods: We studied 32 youth (ages 10–17 years) with LOC eating and overweight/obesity (LOC‐OW; n = 9), overweight/obesity only (OW; n = 16), and non‐overweight status (NW; n = 7). Youth completed spatial and numerical WM tasks requiring varying degrees of cognitive effort and reported on their eating behavior daily for 14 days via smartphone‐based ecological momentary assessment. Linear mixed effects models estimated group‐level differences in WM performance, as well as associations between contemporaneously completed measures of WM and dysregulated eating. Results: LOC‐OW were less accurate on numerical WM tasks compared to OW and NW (ps <.01); groups did not differ on spatial task accuracy (p =.41). Adjusting for between‐subject effects (reflecting differences between individuals in their mean WM performance and its association with eating behavior), within‐subject effects (reflecting variations in moment‐to‐moment associations) revealed that more accurate responding on the less demanding numerical WM task, compared to one's own average, was associated with greater overeating severity across the full sample (p =.013). There were no associations between WM performance and LOC eating severity (ps >.05). Conclusions: Youth with LOC eating and overweight/obesity demonstrated difficulties mentally retaining and manipulating numerical information in daily life, replicating prior laboratory‐based research. Overeating may be related to improved WM, regardless of LOC status, but temporality and causality should be further explored. Public significance statement: Our findings suggest that youth with loss of control eating and overweight/obesity may experience difficulties mentally retaining and manipulating numerical information in daily life relative to their peers with overweight/obesity and normal‐weight status, which may contribute to the maintenance of dysregulated eating and/or elevated body weight. However, it is unclear whether these individual differences are related to eating behavior on a moment‐to‐moment basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of International Journal of Eating Disorders is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Horsager, Christina^1,2 christina.pedersen@rn.dk, Færk, Emil¹, Lauritsen, Marlene Briciet^1,2, Østergaard, Søren Dinesen^3,4

المصدر: International Journal of Eating Disorders. Apr2021, Vol. 54 Issue 4, p545-560. 16p. 1 Diagram, 3 Charts, 1 Graph.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *COMPULSIVE eating, *CONFIDENCE intervals, *SURVEYS, *DISEASE prevalence, *QUESTIONNAIRES, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *STATISTICAL sampling, *ODDS ratio, *COMORBIDITY, *MENTAL illness

مصطلحات جغرافية: DENMARK

مستخلص: Objective: Substance use disorder is highly prevalent among individuals with mental disorders. However, it remains largely unknown whether this is also the case for "food addiction"—a phenotype characterized by an addiction‐like attraction to predominantly highly processed foods with a high content of refined carbohydrates and fat. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to estimate the weighted prevalence of food addiction among individuals with mental disorders. Method: A total of 5,000 individuals aged 18–62 were randomly drawn from eight categories of major mental disorders from the Danish Psychiatric Central Research Register and invited to participate in an online questionnaire‐based survey, which included the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. Data on health care and sociodemographics from the Danish registers were linked to all invitees—enabling comprehensive attrition analysis and calculation of the weighted prevalence of food addiction. Results: A total of 1,394 (27.9%) invitees participated in the survey. Across all diagnostic categories, 23.7% met the criteria for food addiction. The weighted prevalence of food addiction was highest among individuals with eating disorders (47.7%, 95%CI: 41.2–54.2), followed by affective disorders (29.4%, 95%CI: 22.9–36.0) and personality disorders (29.0%, 95%CI: 22.2–35.9). When stratifying on sex, the prevalence of food addiction was higher among women in most diagnostic categories. Discussion: Food addiction is highly prevalent among individuals with mental disorders, especially in those with eating disorders, affective disorders and personality disorders. Food addiction may be an important target for efforts aimed at reducing obesity among individuals with mental disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Schulte, Erica M.¹ erica.schulte@pennmedicine.upenn.edu, Wadden, Thomas A.¹, Allison, Kelly C.¹

المصدر: International Journal of Eating Disorders. Oct2020, Vol. 53 Issue 10, p1610-1622. 13p. 1 Chart.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *COMPULSIVE eating, *MENTAL illness

مستخلص: Objective: To evaluate the state of the literature for whether food addiction may warrant consideration as a distinct psychiatric disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) using Blashfield et al.'s (1990; Comprehensive Psychiatry, 31(1), 15–19) five criteria. This framework was utilized because it has recently been applied to examine the diagnostic utility of several eating disorder phenotypes. The criteria are: (a) at least 50 journal articles published on the proposed syndrome in the past 10 years; (b) proposal of diagnostic criteria and assessment measures; (c) clinician reliability in diagnosis; (d) cohesiveness of the proposed diagnostic criteria; and (e) differentiation from similar, existing diagnostic categories. Method: For each criterion, a literature review was conducted to examine if the minimum qualification had been met, and key findings were discussed. Results: Two of the criteria (literature and differentiation) have been empirically supported to extent specified. Two criteria (diagnostic criteria and syndrome) have been partially fulfilled, due to only having self‐report assessment measures and no examination of the odds ratios for meeting more than one symptom, respectively. Clinician reliability has not yet been evaluated. Discussion The existing literature suggests that food addiction may warrant consideration as a proposed diagnostic category in the DSM, though future research is needed to fulfill Blashfield et al.'s (1990; Comprehensive Psychiatry, 31(1), 15–19) criteria. The development of a semi‐structured interview would be an impactful contribution for addressing these gaps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Tang, Catherine So‐kum, Gan, Yiqun, Ko, Jenny, Kwon, Jung‐hyde, Wu, Anise, Yan, Elsie, Yogo, Masao

المصدر: International Journal of Eating Disorders; Feb2021, Vol. 54 Issue 2, p125-131, 7p, 3 Charts

مصطلحات موضوعية: ANXIETY, COLLEGE students, COMPULSIVE eating, MENTAL depression, EATING disorders, EMOTIONS, IMPULSIVE personality, PERSONALITY, PERSONALITY disorders, RESEARCH, MATHEMATICAL variables, HYPERPHAGIA, ADULTS

مصطلحات جغرافية: ASIA, CHINA, JAPAN, SOUTH Korea, SINGAPORE, TAIWAN, HONG Kong (China), MACAU (China : Special Administrative Region)

مستخلص: Objective: Addiction‐like eating (AE) is characterized by food cravings and loss of control over excessive food consumption. This study investigated the associations among emotional factors, personality traits, and AE symptoms in Asian young adults. Method: This study included 6,823 Asian university students in South Korea, China, Singapore, Hong Kong/Macao, Japan, and Taiwan. Participants completed the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale (mYFAS) and scales on the Big‐Five personality traits, impulsivity, anxiety, and depression. Results: 6.2% of the participants met the mYFAS (DSM‐IV‐TR) food addiction diagnostic threshold. Participants from South Korea (7.9%) had the highest rate of food addiction, while participants from Japan (5.1%) and Taiwan (4.1%) reported the lowest rates. Emotional factors of anxiety and depression were the most robust correlates of AE symptoms, followed by country/region and personality factors of higher impulsivity, higher extraversion, and lower agreeableness. Personality correlates were region‐specific. Higher impulsivity was a significant correlate for participants from South Korea and Taiwan, higher extraversion for participants from Singapore and Japan, and lower agreeableness for participants from China and Taiwan. Gender was also a significant correlate for participants from South Korea, Hong Kong/Macao, and Taiwan. Discussion: Emotional and personality factors are important correlates of AE symptoms among Asian young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of International Journal of Eating Disorders is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Ahorsu, Daniel K., Lin, Chung‐Ying, Imani, Vida, Griffiths, Mark D., Su, Jian‐An, Latner, Janet D., Marshall, Rachel D., Pakpour, Amir H.

المصدر: International Journal of Eating Disorders; Mar2020, Vol. 53 Issue 3, p442-450, 9p, 1 Diagram, 3 Charts

مصطلحات موضوعية: ANXIETY diagnosis, DIAGNOSIS of mental depression, BODY weight, BULIMIA, COMPULSIVE eating, PSYCHOLOGICAL distress, LONGITUDINAL method, PREJUDICES, RISK assessment, SELF-perception, SOCIAL stigma, PSYCHOLOGICAL stress, BODY mass index, DATA analysis software, DISEASE risk factors, ADOLESCENCE

مستخلص: Objectives: This prospective study investigated the link between weight‐related self‐stigma and binge eating by (a) examining the temporal association between weight‐related self‐stigma and binge eating; (b) investigating the mediating role of food addiction in the association between weight‐related self‐stigma and binge eating; and (c) examining the mediating role of psychological distress in the association between weight‐related self‐stigma and binge eating. Method: Participants comprised 1,497 adolescents (mean = 15.1 years; SD = 6.0). Body mass index and weight bias were assessed at baseline; psychological distress (i.e., depression, anxiety, and stress) assessed and food addiction at 3 months; and binge eating at 6 months. The mediation model was analyzed using Model 4 in the PROCESS macro for SPSS with 10,000 bootstrapping resamples. Results: There was no significant direct association between weight‐related self‐stigma and binge eating. However, food addiction and psychological distress significantly mediated the association between weight‐related self‐stigma and binge eating. Discussion: These findings highlight the indirect association between weight‐related self‐stigma and binge eating via food addiction and psychological distress. Consequently, intervention programs targeting food addiction and psychological distress among adolescents may have significant positive effects on outcomes for weight‐related self‐stigma and binge eating. The findings will be beneficial to researchers and healthcare professionals working with adolescents during this critical developmental period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of International Journal of Eating Disorders is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Mond, Jonathan M.¹ j.mond@latrobe.edu.au, Hay, Phillipa J.²

المصدر: International Journal of Eating Disorders. Jan2010, Vol. 43 Issue 1, p35-41. 7p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *COMPULSIVE eating, *WEIGHT loss, *HUMAN behavior, *EATING disorders, *PATHOLOGICAL psychology

مستخلص: Background and Methods: In a community sample of women who reported the use of extreme weight-control behaviors in the absence of binge eating, subgroups of participants who reported (n = 23) and who did not report (n = 42) recurrent subjective bulimic episodes (SBEs) were compared on a range of outcomes, including current levels of eating disorder and comorbid psychopathology. Results: Participants who reported SBEs had higher levels of eating disorder psychopathology, impairment in role functioning, and general psychological distress, than those who did not. Scores on these measures among participants who reported SBEs were similar to those of eating disorder patients receiving specialist treatment, whereas those of participants who did not have recurrent SBEs tended to be intermediate between eating disorder patients and healthy women. Discussion: The findings are consistent with the hypothesis that it is the combination of SBEs and extreme weight-control behaviors, rather than extreme weight-control behaviors per se, that indicates clinical significance. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]