OBJECTIVES: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have modest activity in ovarian cancer (OC), yet little is known about their effects on subsequent treatment. Preclinical studies suggest immunotherapy may enhance response to chemotherapy. We sought to evaluate the impact of ICIs on subsequent therapies and survival in recurrent OC. METHODS: A retrospective review was conducted to identify women with recurrent OC who received ICI from 01/2013–5/2017 and ≥1 subsequent treatment. Treatment duration after ICI was calculated using time-to-event analysis. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate overall survival (OS) from first treatment after ICI and to assess survival differences by clinical benefit from ICI, defined by long (≥24 weeks) versus short (
