To evaluate the persistence of biological drugs used as the first line of biological treatment in patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. The predictors associated with persistence have also been verified.We evaluated a historical cohort composed of users of the Brazilian National Health System in the period between 2006 January and 2014 December. The endpoint was the medication persistence at 12 months.A population composed of 66,787 individuals started the first line of biological drug. Out of such individuals, 34,595 (51.80%) persisted in the treatment at 12 months. Abatacept was the drug that presented higher persistence, followed by golimumab, tocilizumab, etanercept, and adalimumab and, with lower persistence certolizumab and infliximab. Younger individuals, living in regions with higher social inequality by Gini coefficient, using certolizumab and infliximab in comparison with adalimumab presented a higher risk of non-persistence to treatment. Individuals from the Southeastern region were more persistent than Northeastern, Central-western, Northern and Southern regions.The medication persistence was different between biological drugs. The rigorous follow-up of patients, by a multidisciplinary team, is important to enable the development of strategies for the adequate use of such drugs.
