التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
| العنوان: |
Respiratory responses evoked by blockades of ionotropic glutamate receptors within the Bötzinger complex and the pre-Bötzinger complex of the rabbit. |
| المؤلفون: |
Mutolo, Donatella, Bongianni, Fulvia, Nardone, Furio, Pantaleo, Tito |
| المصدر: |
European Journal of Neuroscience; Jan2005, Vol. 21 Issue 1, p122-134, 13p |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: |
RESPIRATION, EXCITATORY amino acids, AMINO acid neurotransmitters, EUROPEAN rabbit, ASPARTIC acid, IMINO acids |
| مستخلص: |
The respiratory role of excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors within the Bötzinger complex (BötC) and the pre-Bötzinger complex (pre-BötC) was investigated inα-chloralose–urethane anaesthetized, vagotomized, paralysed and artificially ventilated rabbits by using bilateral microinjections (30–50 nL) of EAA receptor antagonists. Blockade of bothN-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) and non-NMDA receptors by 50 mmkynurenic acid (KYN) within the BötC induced a pattern of breathing characterized by low-amplitude, high-frequency irregular oscillations superimposed on tonic phrenic activity and successively the disappearance of respiratory rhythmicity in the presence of intense tonic inspiratory discharges (tonic apnea). KYN microinjections into the pre-BötC caused similar respiratory responses that, however, never led to tonic apnea. Blockade of NMDA receptors by D(–)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (D-AP5; 1, 10 and 20 mm) within the BötC induced increases in respiratory frequency and decreases in peak phrenic amplitude; the highest concentrations caused tonic apnea insensitive to chemical stimuli. Blockade of non-NMDA receptors by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX; 1, 10 and 20 mm) within the BötC produced only less pronounced increases in respiratory frequency. Responses to D-AP5 in the pre-BötC were similar, although less pronounced than those elicited in the BötC and never characterized by tonic apnea. In the same region, CNQX provoked increases in respiratory frequency similarto those elicited in the BötC, associated with slight reductions in peak phrenic activity. The results show that EAA receptors within the investigated medullary subregions mediate a potent control on both the intensity and frequency of inspiratory activity, with a major role played by NMDA receptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
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| قاعدة البيانات: |
Complementary Index |
