Partner-specific induction of Spodoptera frugiperda immune genes in response to the entomopathogenic nematobacterial complex Steinernema carpocapsae-Xenorhabdus nematophila
| العنوان: | Partner-specific induction of Spodoptera frugiperda immune genes in response to the entomopathogenic nematobacterial complex Steinernema carpocapsae-Xenorhabdus nematophila |
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| المؤلفون: | Pierre-Alain Girard, Jean-Claude Ogier, Bernard Duvic, Nicolas Nègre, Sylvie Pages, Audrey Bigourdan, Louise Huot |
| المساهمون: | Diversité, Génomes & Interactions Microorganismes - Insectes [Montpellier] (DGIMI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) |
| المصدر: | Developmental and Comparative Immunology Developmental and Comparative Immunology, Elsevier, 2020, 108, ⟨10.1016/j.dci.2020.103676⟩ Developmental & Comparative Immunology Developmental & Comparative Immunology, 2020, 108, pp.103676. ⟨10.1016/j.dci.2020.103676⟩ |
| بيانات النشر: | Elsevier BV, 2020. |
| سنة النشر: | 2020 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, media_common.quotation_subject, Immunology, Biological pest control, Genes, Insect, Insect, Spodoptera, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Xenorhabdus, Microbiology, Lepidoptera genitalia, Rhabditida, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, Transcriptional response, Immunity, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], Animals, RNA-Seq, Axenic, Pest Control, Biological, Symbiosis, Immunome, Pathogen, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, 0303 health sciences, Xenorhabdus nematophila, fungi, Spodoptera frugiperda, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, biology.organism_classification, 010602 entomology, Nematode, 030104 developmental biology, Gene Expression Regulation, Nematobacterial complex, Insect Proteins, PEST analysis, Steinernema carpocapsae, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Symbiotic bacteria, Developmental Biology |
| الوصف: | TheSteinernema carpocapsae-Xenorhabdus nematophilaassociation is a nematobacterial complex (NBC) used in biological control of insect crop pests. The ability of this dual pathogen to infest and kill an insect strongly depends on the dialogue between the host’s immune system and each partner of the complex. Even though this dialogue has been extensively studied from the two partners’ points of view in several insect models, still little is known about the structure and the molecular aspects of the insects’ immune response to the dual infection. Here, we used the lepidopteran pestSpodoptera frugiperdaas a model to analyze the respective impact of each NBC partner in the spatiotemporal immune responses that are induced after infestation. To this aim, we first analyzed the expression variations of the insect’s immune genes in the fat bodies and hemocytes of infested larvae by using previously obtained RNAseq data. We then selected representative immune genes for RT-qPCR investigations of the temporal variations of their expressions after infestation and of their induction levels after independent injections of each partner. We found that the fat body and the hemocytes both produce potent and stable immune responses to the infestation by the NBC, which correspond to combinations of bacterium- and nematode-induced ones. Consistent with the nature of each pathogen, we showed thatX. nematophilamainly induces genes classically involved in antibacterial responses, whereasS. carpocapsaeis responsible for the induction of lectins and of genes expected to be involved in melanization and cellular encapsulation. In addition, we found that two clusters of unknown genes dramatically induced by the NBC also present partner-specific induction profiles, which paves the way for their functional characterization. Finally, we discuss putative relationships between the variations of the expression of some immune genes and the NBC’s immunosuppressive strategies.Author summaryEntomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are living in the soil and prey upon insect larvae. They enter the insect by the natural orifices, and reach the hemocoel through the intestinal epithelium. There, they release their symbiotic bacteria that will develop within the insect and eventually kill it. Nematodes can then feed and reproduce on the insect cadaver. By using transcriptomic approaches, we previously showed that Lepidoptera larvae (caterpillars of the fall armywormSpodoptera frugiperda) produce a strong immune response in reaction to infestation by EPNs. However, we do not know if this immune reaction is triggered by the nematode itself -Steinernema carpacapsae- or its symbiotic bacteria -Xenorhabdus nematophila. To answer this question, we present in this work a careful annotation of immunity genes inS. frugiperdaand surveyed their activation by quantitative PCR in reaction to an injection of the bacteria alone, the axenic nematode or the associated complex. We found that the immune genes are selectively activated by either the bacteria or the nematode and we discuss the implication of which pathway are involved in the defense against various pathogens. We also show that a cluster of newly discovered genes, present only in Lepidoptera, is activated by the nematode only and could represent nematicide genes. |
| تدمد: | 0145-305X |
| الوصول الحر: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::7c2e25497f7f10c65a661e1ec5d896edTest https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2020.103676Test |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....7c2e25497f7f10c65a661e1ec5d896ed |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 0145305X |
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