Purpose: To characterize the ophthalmic features and causes of visual loss in a cohort of Melanesians living in New Caledonia with nanophthalmos. Methods: In this observational study, axial length, visual acuity (VA), cycloplegic autorefraction were assessed and dilated fundus examination was performed. Visual impairment was defined as VA +1.0 dioptre (D), astigmatism as ≥1.0 D and anisometropia as ≥1.0 D difference between both eyes. Unilateral amblyopia was defined as at least a two-line difference in VA between both eyes and bilateral amblyopia as VA
