المؤلفون: Ricciardelli, Lina A.¹ lina@deakin.edu.au, McCabe, Marita P.¹, Williams, Robert J.², Thompson, J. Kevin³

المصدر: Clinical Psychology Review. Jun2007, Vol. 27 Issue 5, p582-606. 25p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *SELF-perception, *COMPULSIVE eating, *HUMAN body, *ETHNICITY

مستخلص: Abstract: An increasing number of researchers have examined body image concerns, disordered eating, and other behaviors associated with increasing muscle size among men from different cultural groups. However, to date there has been no synthesis or evaluation of these studies. In this paper we specifically review studies which have included a comparison between males from different cultural groups with White males on body image concerns or other related behaviors. The groups include Blacks, Hispanic Americans, Asians, Native Americans, Pacific Islanders, and men from Middle Eastern countries. Overall, evidence suggests that males from a range of cultural groups engage in more extreme body change strategies and binge eating than Whites. On the other hand, there is no consistent pattern which summarizes the nature of body image concerns across the different cultures. Mediating and/or moderating variables are proposed to account for the inconsistent findings. These include body build, levels of acculturation, socio-economic status, media exposure, and internalization of the muscular and lean body ideal. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

المؤلفون: Cassin, Stephanie E.¹, von Ranson, Kristin M. kvonrans@ucalgary.ca

المصدر: Clinical Psychology Review. Nov2005, Vol. 25 Issue 7, p895-916. 22p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *PERSONALITY disorders, *APPETITE disorders, *COMPULSIVE eating, *PATHOLOGICAL psychology

مستخلص: Abstract: Personality traits have been implicated in the onset, symptomatic expression, and maintenance of eating disorders (EDs). The present article reviews literature examining the link between personality and EDs published within the past decade, and presents a meta-analysis evaluating the prevalence of personality disorders (PDs) in anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED) as assessed by self-report instruments versus diagnostic interviews. AN and BN are both consistently characterized by perfectionism, obsessive-compulsiveness, neuroticism, negative emotionality, harm avoidance, low self-directedness, low cooperativeness, and traits associated with avoidant PD. Consistent differences that emerge between ED groups are high constraint and persistence and low novelty seeking in AN and high impulsivity, sensation seeking, novelty seeking, and traits associated with borderline PD in BN. The meta-analysis, which found PD rates of 0 to 58% among individuals with AN and BN, documented that self-report instruments greatly overestimate the prevalence of every PD. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

المؤلفون: Watson, Poppy¹ (AUTHOR) poppy.watson@unsw.edu.au, Le Pelley, Mike E.¹ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Clinical Psychology Review. Nov2021, Vol. 89, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *COGNITIVE ability, *COGNITIVE bias, *CONTROL (Psychology), *RESPONSE inhibition, *ATTENTION control, *COMPULSIVE eating, *ATTENTIONAL bias

مستخلص: Food restriction is argued to be a precursor for unhealthy preoccupation with food, possibly leading to the development of an eating disorder. We updated previous meta-analyses that examined the relationship between eating restraint and deficits in either general or food-related attentional and inhibitory control. We hypothesized that inconsistencies in the literature around eating restraint, impaired cognitive control, impulsivity and cognitive biases for food could be attributed to the scale used to measure eating restraint. A (preregistered) subgroup meta-analysis examined whether patterns of impaired cognitive control and cognitive bias for food in predominantly healthy (non-clinical) samples differed as a function of the scale used to measure eating restraint. A series of exploratory meta-analyses were carried out for specific attentional bias tasks. In total 57 datasets were included. The subgroup analysis did not provide evidence that the relationship between eating restraint and impaired or biased cognitions differed significantly as a function of restraint scale. Heterogeneity across studies was high. When examining specific attentional bias tasks there was no evidence that increased eating restraint was associated with increased attentional bias or distraction by food cues, regardless of which scale was used to measure eating restraint. There is little experimental evidence for the common narrative that increased eating restraint is related to impaired cognitive control generally or increased cognitive bias for food, in non-clinical samples. • Food restriction is argued to lead to an unhealthy preoccupation with food. • Attentional and behavioural biases for food are increased in eating-disorder populations. • These 'cognitive biases' were investigated in non-clinical samples using meta-analysis. • No evidence that increased eating restraint is related to increased cognitive bias for food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]