Changes in nitrate accumulation mechanisms as PM2.5 levels increase on the North China Plain: A perspective from the dual isotopic compositions of nitrate
التفاصيل البيبلوغرافية
العنوان:
Changes in nitrate accumulation mechanisms as PM2.5 levels increase on the North China Plain: A perspective from the dual isotopic compositions of nitrate
Nitrate ( NO 3 − ) has become recognized as the most important water-soluble ion in fine particulate (PM2.5), and has been proposed as a driving factor for regional haze formation. However, nitrate formation mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this study, PM2.5 samples were collected from September 2017 to August 2018 in Shijiazhuang, a city located on the North China Plain, and NO 3 − concentration, δ18O- NO 3 − and δ15N- NO 3 − values in PM2.5 were analyzed. NO 3 − concentrations increased as PM2.5 levels increased during both polluted and non-polluted days over the entire year. δ18O- NO 3 − values during cold months (63.5–103‰) were higher than those during warm months (50.3–85.4‰), these results suggested that the nitrate formation pathways shifted from the NO2 + OH (POH) in warm months to the N2O5 + H2O (PN2O5) and NO3 + VOCs (PNO3) pathways in cold months. Especially during cold months, δ18O- NO 3 − values increased from 65.2–79.9‰ to 80.7–96.2‰ when PM2.5 increased from ∼25 to >100 μg/m3, but when PM2.5 > 100 μg/m3, there were relatively small variations in δ18O- NO 3 − . These results suggested that nitrate formation pathways changed from POH to PN2O5 and PNO3 pathways when PM2.5 100 μg/m3. Higher δ15N- NO 3 − values in warm months (−11.8–13.8‰) than in cold months (−0.7–22.6‰) may be attributed to differences in NOx emission sources and nitrogen isotopic fractionation among NOx and NO 3 − . These results provide information on the dual isotopic compositions of nitrate to understand nitrate formation pathways under different PM2.5 levels.
