Education and micronutrient deficiencies: an ecological study exploring interactions between women’s schooling and children’s micronutrient status
| العنوان: | Education and micronutrient deficiencies: an ecological study exploring interactions between women’s schooling and children’s micronutrient status |
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| المؤلفون: | Kassandra L. Harding, Patrick Webb, William A. Masters, Victor M. Aguayo |
| المصدر: | BMC Public Health BMC Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2018) |
| بيانات النشر: | Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2018. |
| سنة النشر: | 2018 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Adult, Male, Micronutrient deficiencies, 0301 basic medicine, Economic development, Anemia, Population, Nutritional Status, Women’s education, Maternal education, Global Health, Child Nutrition Disorders, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Zinc deficiency (plant disorder), Environmental health, medicine, Humans, Micronutrients, 030212 general & internal medicine, Vitamin A, education, Nutrition, education.field_of_study, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Vitamin A Deficiency, business.industry, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, Ecological study, lcsh:RA1-1270, medicine.disease, Micronutrient, Iodine deficiency, Infant Nutrition Disorders, Educational attainment, Vitamin A deficiency, Zinc, Cross-Sectional Studies, Child, Preschool, Educational Status, Female, business, Iodine, Research Article |
| الوصف: | Background Formal education can be a nutrition-sensitive intervention that supports the scale-up and impact of nutrition-specific actions. Maternal education has long been linked to child survival, growth, and development while adult earnings and nutrition are tied to years in school as a child. However, less is known about the relationship between maternal education and the micronutrient status of children, women and the general population. Methods Using country-level data and an ecological study design, we explored the global associations between women’s educational attainment and: a) anemia and vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in children aged 6–59 months; b) anemia in non-pregnant women; and c) zinc deficiency, urinary iodine excretion (UIE), and the proportion of infants protected against iodine deficiency in the general population Cross-sectional relationships (2005–2013) were assessed using linear regression models. Results Percentage of women without schooling was negatively associated with all outcomes. Number of years of schooling among women was positively associated with all outcomes except for UIE and the proportion of infants protected against iodine deficiency. Income level was a significant effect modifier of the effect of years of women’s schooling on child anemia as well as of the proportion of women without formal education on zinc deficiency in the population. The relationship was strongest in low-income countries for child anemia, and was not significant in upper middle-income countries. For zinc deficiency, the relationship was not significant in low or lower middle income countries, which may suggest that a minimum threshold of resources needs to be reached before education can influence zinc status. Conclusions While relationships between maternal schooling and micronutrient outcomes vary around the globe, more schooling is generally linked to lower rates of deficiency. These findings draw policy-relevant connections between formal education and anemia and micronutrient status globally. It is necessary to examine the mechanisms through which this relationship may be working at both household and country level. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12889-018-5312-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. |
| تدمد: | 1471-2458 |
| الوصول الحر: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::7b89405316f1093c03a29275b94da8b6Test https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5312-1Test |
| حقوق: | OPEN |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....7b89405316f1093c03a29275b94da8b6 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 14712458 |
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