Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs) are enzymes that catalyze the formation of triglyceride (TG) from acyl-CoA and diacylglycerol. Two DGATs have been identified which belong to two distinct gene families and both are ubiquitously expressed. DGAT2 knockout mice are lipopenic and die shortly after birth. In the current study, wild type mice were treated with increasing doses (25-60 mg/kg twice weekly) of a DGAT2 gene-specific antisense oligonucleotide (ASO). Treatment resulted in a dose dependent decrease in hepatic DGAT2 gene expression (up to 80%) which was associated with a 40% decrease in hepatic DGAT2 activity and a 45% decrease in hepatic TG. Decreased levels of DGAT2 resulted in a significant dose dependent decrease in VLDL TG secretion (up to 52%) and reduced plasma TG, total cholesterol, and ApoB. Similar results were obtained when DGAT1 KO mice were treated with the DGAT2 ASO. Treatment of ob/ob mice with the DGAT2 ASO resulted in significant decreases in weight gain (10%), adipose weight (25%) and hepatic TG content (80%). Our findings indicate that the majority of TG destined for secretion by liver is synthesized by DGAT2 and suggests that DGAT2 may be a therapeutic target for treatment of hypertriglyceridemia, hepatic steatosis and obesity.
