Novel magnetic FeNCN nanorods were synthesized by a simple molten salt pyrolysis process. The microstructure, morphology and optical properties of the FeNCN nanorods were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The XRD results indicated that the FeNCN samples were the hexagonal crystal structure with well crystallization. The SEM results showed that the FeNCN samples were rod-like structures with the lengths ranging from 200 nm to 1000 nm. The photocatalytic activities of the FeNCN nanorods were evaluated with the degradation of Rhodamine (RhB) under visible light. The results verified that the FeNCN nanorods had good visible light photocatalytic properties, with a rate of RhB degradation of 95% in 120 min visible light illumination. More importantly, the FeNCN nanorods exhibited good magnetic properties, which was conducive to their rapid separation and reuse in photocatalytic applications.