The Role of the Carnitine System in Human Metabolism
| العنوان: | The Role of the Carnitine System in Human Metabolism |
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| المؤلفون: | Daniel W. Foster |
| المصدر: | Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1033:1-16 |
| بيانات النشر: | Wiley, 2004. |
| سنة النشر: | 2004 |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | medicine.medical_specialty, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, History and Philosophy of Science, Carnitine, Internal medicine, Ketogenesis, medicine, Animals, Humans, Beta oxidation, chemistry.chemical_classification, Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Leucine Zipper Transcription Factors, General Neuroscience, Fatty Acids, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins, Membrane Proteins, Fatty acid, Ketones, medicine.disease, DNA-Binding Proteins, Malonyl Coenzyme A, PPAR gamma, Glucose, Endocrinology, Malonyl-CoA, Liver, Biochemistry, chemistry, Gluconeogenesis, Lipogenesis, Steatohepatitis, Oxidation-Reduction, Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase, Transcription Factors, medicine.drug |
| الوصف: | Metabolism cycles daily between the fed and fasted states. The pathways of energy production are reversible and distinct. In the anabolic (fed) state, the liver stores glucose as glycogen, and fatty acid/triglyceride synthesis is active. In the catabolic (fasted) state, the liver becomes a glucose producer, lipogenesis is slowed, and fatty acid oxidation/ketogenesis is activated. The rate-limiting step for the latter is vested in the carnitine/carnitine palmitoyltransferase (CPT) system, and the off/on regulator of this is malonyl CoA. The AMP-induced protein kinase primarily determines the concentration of malonyl CoA. Four other systems have significant influence: two on fatty acid oxidation and two on lipogenesis. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-1 alpha, a master regulator of metabolism, induces hepatic gluconeogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in the catabolic phase. Deficiency of stearoyl CoA desaturase, although having no role in gluconeogenesis, powerfully induces fatty acid oxidation and weight loss despite increased food intake in rodents. Major stimulators of lipogenesis are carbohydrate-responsive element binding protein and the Insig system. The malonyl CoA-regulated CPT system has been firmly established in humans. The other systems have not yet been confirmed in humans, but likely are active there as well. Activation of fatty acid oxidation has considerable clinical promise for the treatment of obesity, type 2 diabetes, steatohepatitis, and lipotoxic damage to the heart. |
| تدمد: | 1749-6632 0077-8923 |
| الوصول الحر: | https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::e31db977fb2b24744b4b235e8c2300c0Test https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1320.001Test |
| حقوق: | CLOSED |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsair.doi.dedup.....e31db977fb2b24744b4b235e8c2300c0 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | OpenAIRE |
| تدمد: | 17496632 00778923 |
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