دورية أكاديمية
T helper cell subsets and related target cells in acute COVID-19
| العنوان: | T helper cell subsets and related target cells in acute COVID-19 |
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| المؤلفون: | I. V. Kudryavtsev, A. S. Golovkin, Areg A. Totolian |
| المصدر: | Инфекция и иммунитет, Vol 12, Iss 3, Pp 409-426 (2022) |
| بيانات النشر: | NIIÈM imeni Pastera, 2022. Sankt-Peterburg , 2022. |
| سنة النشر: | 2022 |
| المجموعة: | LCC:Infectious and parasitic diseases |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | covid-19, cd4+ t-cells, th17 cell subsets, follicular th cell, th1, th2, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216 |
| الوصف: | Current review presents a brief overview of the immune system dysregulation during acute COVID-19 and illustrates the main alterations in peripheral blood CD4+ T-cell (Th) subsets as well as related target cells. Effects of dendritic cell dysfunction induced by SARS-CoV-2 exhibited decreased expression of cell-surface HLA-DR, CCR7 as well as co-stimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86, suggesting reduced antigen presentation, migratory and activation capacities of peripheral blood dendritic cells. SARS-CoV-2-specific Th cells could be detected as early as days 24 post-symptom onset, whereas the prolonged lack of SARS-CoV-2-specific Th cells was associated with severe and/or poor COVID-19 outcome. Firstly, in acute COVID-19 the frequency of Th1 cell was comparable with control levels, but several studies have reported about upregulated inhibitory immune checkpoint receptors and exhaustion-associated molecules (TIM3, PD-1, BTLA, TIGIT etc.) on circulating CD8+ T-cells and NK-cells, whereas the macrophage count was increased in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples. Next, type 2 immune responses are mediated mainly by Th2 cells, and several studies have revealed a skewing towards dominance of Th2 cell subset in peripheral blood samples from patients with acute COVID-19. Furthermore, the decrease of circulating main Th2 target cells basophiles and eosinophils were associated with severe COVID-19, whereas the lung tissue was enriched with mast cells and relevant mediators released during degranulation. Moreover, the frequency of peripheral blood Th17 cells was closely linked to COVID-19 severity, so that low level of Th17 cells was observed in patients with severe COVID-19, but in BAL the relative number of Th17 cells as well as the concentrations of relevant effector cytokines were dramatically increased. It was shown that severe COVID-19 patients vs. healthy control had higher relative numbers of neutrophils if compared, and the majority of patients with COVID-19 had increased frequency and absolute number of immature neutrophils with altered ROS production. Finally, the frequency of Tfh cells was decreased during acute COVID-19 infection. Elevated count of activated Tfh were found as well as the alterations in Tfh cell subsets characterized by decreased regulatory Tfh1 cell and increased pro-inflammatory Tfh2 as well as Tfh17 cell subsets were revealed. Descriptions of peripheral blood B cells during an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection werev reported as relative B cell lymphopenia with decreased frequency of nave and memory B cell subsets, as well as increased level of CD27hiCD38hiCD24 plasma cell precursors and atypical CD21low B cells. Thus, the emerging evidence suggests that functional alterations occur in all Th cell subsets being linked with loss-of-functions of main Th cell subsets target cells. Furthermore, recovered individuals could suffer from long-term immune dysregulation and other persistent symptoms lasting for many months even after SARS-CoV-2 elimination, a condition referred to as post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. |
| نوع الوثيقة: | article |
| وصف الملف: | electronic resource |
| اللغة: | Russian |
| تدمد: | 2220-7619 2313-7398 |
| العلاقة: | https://iimmun.ru/iimm/article/viewFile/1882/1414Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2220-7619Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2313-7398Test |
| DOI: | 10.15789/2220-7619-THC-1882 |
| الوصول الحر: | https://doaj.org/article/207d9aecbefb4271b169274365aa439fTest |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsdoj.207d9aecbefb4271b169274365aa439f |
| قاعدة البيانات: | Directory of Open Access Journals |
| تدمد: | 22207619 23137398 |
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| DOI: | 10.15789/2220-7619-THC-1882 |