المؤلفون: Allison, Paul J.

المصدر: Canadian Journal of Public Health = Revue Canadienne de Sante Publique; August 2023, Vol. 114 Issue: 4 p530-533, 4p

المؤلفون: Rock, Leigha D., Madathil, Sreenath, Khanna, Mehak, Macdonald, Lindsay K., Quinonezâ, Carlos, Glogauer, Michael, Allison, Paul

المصدر: Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene; Oct2022, Vol. 56 Issue 3, p123-130, 8p

مصطلحات موضوعية: RELATIVE medical risk, COVID-19, IMMUNIZATION, SELF-evaluation, COVID-19 vaccines, DISEASE incidence, FISHER exact test, RISK assessment, QUESTIONNAIRES, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, DISEASE prevalence, VACCINE hesitancy, INFECTIOUS disease transmission, RESEARCH funding, STATISTICAL models, PERSONAL protective equipment, POISSON distribution, DISEASE risk factors

مصطلحات جغرافية: CANADA

الملخص (بالإنجليزية): Background: Oral health care settings potentially carry a high risk of cross-infection due to close contact and aerosol-generating procedures. There is limited evidence of the impact of COVID-19 among dental hygienists. This longitudinal study aimed to 1) estimate COVID-19 incidence rates among Canadian dental hygienists over a 1-year period; and 2) estimate vaccination rates among Canadian dental hygienists. Methods: A prospective cohort study design was used to collect self-reported COVID-19 status from 876 registered dental hygienists across Canada via an online baseline survey and then 6 follow-up questionnaires delivered between December 2020 and January 2022. Bayesian Poisson and binomial models were used to estimate the incidence rate and cumulative incidence of self-reported COVID-19. Results: The estimated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in dental hygienists in Canada from December 2020 to January 2022 was 2.39% (95% CrI, 1.49%-3.50%), while the estimated cumulative incidence of COVID-19 in corresponding Canadian provinces was 5.12% (95% CrI, 5.12%-5.13%) during the same period. At last follow-up, 89.4% of participants self-reported that they had received at least 1 dose of a COVID-19 vaccine. Conclusion: The low infection rate observed among Canadian dental hygienists between December 2020 and January 2022 is reassuring to the dental hygiene and general community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract (French): Contexte : Les milieux de soins buccodentaires présentent potentiellement un risque élevé d'infections croisées en raison des contacts étroits et des procédures qui produisent des aérosols. Il y a peu de preuves de l'effet de la COVID-19 chez les hygiénistes dentaires. La présente étude longitudinale visait à 1) estimer les taux d'incidence de la COVID-19 chez les hygiénistes dentaires canadiens sur une période d'un an; et 2) estimer les taux de vaccination chez les hygiénistes dentaires canadiens. Méthodologie : Une méthodologie prospective des cohortes a été utilisée pour recueillir le statut de COVID-19 autodéclaré de 876 hygiénistes dentaires autorisés au Canada par l'intermédiaire d'une enquête initiale en ligne, puis de 6 questionnaires de suivi, distribués entre décembre 2020 et janvier 2022. Des modèles bayésiens de Poisson et binomiaux ont été utilisés pour estimer le taux d'incidence et l'incidence cumulative de la COVID-19 autodéclarée. Résultats : L'incidence cumulative estimée de la COVID-19 chez les hygiénistes dentaires au Canada entre décembre 2020 et janvier 2022 était de 2,39 % (intervalle de crédibilité à 95 %, 1,49 % - 3,50 %), alors que l'incidence cumulative estimée de la COVID-19 dans les provinces canadiennes correspondantes était de 5,12 % (intervalle de crédibilité à 95 %, 5,12 % - 5,13 %) au cours de la même période. Lors du dernier suivi, 89,4 % des participants ont déclaré avoir reçu au moins une dose du vaccin contre la COVID-19. Conclusion : Le faible taux d'infection constaté chez les hygiénistes dentaires canadiens entre décembre 2020 et janvier 2022 est rassurant pour la communauté d'hygiène dentaire et la communauté générale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene is the property of Canadian Dental Hygienists Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Steinberg, Noam, Allison, Paul, Levin, Liran

المصدر: International Dental Journal; October 2022, Vol. 72 Issue: 5 p682-690, 9p

مستخلص: The aim of this research was to identify variation in specific infection prevention and control (IPC) strategies across all dental schools in Canada and to evaluate the concordance concerning COVID-19 pandemic-related IPC strategies reported by clinic directors or IPC officers (CDs/IPCOs) and those reported by students, staff, and faculty in the schools.

المؤلفون: Lavigne, Salme E., Allison, Paul J.

المصدر: Canadian Journal of Dental Hygiene; Feb2022, Vol. 56 Issue 1, p3-6, 4p

مصطلحات موضوعية: ORAL health, SURVEYS, NATIONAL health services

مصطلحات جغرافية: CANADA

مستخلص: The article presents the discussion on editorials about SARS CoV-2. Topics include collecting critical oral health data being useful for all oral health professionals including dental hygienists; and oral health of Canadians for oral health professionals and researchers, public health agencies, health ministries, governments, the media, and the public.

العنوان البديل: تناول الفاكهة والخضراوات لدى المراهقين في الإمارات العربية المتحدة: دراسة باستخدام طرق مختلطة. (Arabic)
L'apport en fruits et légumes chez les adolescents émiratis : une étude à méthodologie mixte. (French)

المؤلفون: Makansi, Nora, Allison, Paul, Awad, Manal, Bedos, Christophe

المصدر: Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal; Jul2018, Vol. 24 Issue 7, p653-663, 11p

الملخص (بالإنجليزية): Background: Interventions to promote healthy eating in adolescents are needed in the United Arab Emirates. To design effective interventions, adolescent eating behaviours need to be understood. Aims: This study aimed to describe eating behaviours of adolescents in Dubai and the factors associated with fruit and vegetable intake. Methods: This was a sequential explanatory study using a mixed methods approach. Ten of the 34 Arabic high schools in Dubai were randomly selected and students in grades 10--12 were included. Data were collected on self-reported fruit and vegetables intake, eating behaviours, food availability and sociodemographic variables. In the qualitative phase, 14 students were interviewed about their eating behaviour. Results: A total of 620 students were included: 57% were boys and most reported medium/high family affluence. Only 28% of the participants met the recommended daily fruit and vegetable intake, with significantly more males than females meeting it (P < 0.01). Lunch was the most frequently eaten meal, breakfast was frequently skipped, and there were high levels of fast food and soft drink consumption. Adequate fruit and vegetable intake was positively associated with increased lunch frequency, being male, parental support for healthy eating, and positive perception of family meals. Conclusions: There are significant differences in eating habits between Emirati male and female adolescents. Lunch, as the main family meal, faces threats because of modern working hours. The gender-specific social context may require targeted interventions to achieve optimal outcomes in each group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract (French): Contexte : Les adolescents des Émirats arabes unis doivent être encouragés à adopter une alimentation saine. Afin de mettre en place des interventions efficaces à cet effet, il faut tout d'abord bien comprendre les comportements alimentaires des adolescents. Objectif : La présente étude avait pour objectif de décrire les comportements alimentaires des adolescents à Dubaï ainsi que les différents facteurs liés à leur apport en fruits et légumes. Méthodes : Il s'agissait d'une étude séquentielle à visée explicative qui s'appuyait sur une approche méthodologique mixte. Dix des 34 lycées arabes de Dubaï ont été choisis au hasard et on y a recruté des élèves du secondaire (15-18 ans). Les données recueillies concernaient l'apport en fruits et légumes autodéclaré par les élèves, les comportements alimentaires, la disponibilité de la nourriture et les variables sociodémographiques. Lors de la phase qualitative, 14 élèves ont été questionnés au regard de leur comportement alimentaire. Résultats : Au total, 620 élèves ont été inclus, dont 57 % de garçons, et la plupart ont déclaré un niveau d'aisance familiale moyen à aisé. Seuls 28 % des participants atteignaient le niveau recommandé en matière d'apport quotidien en fruits et légumes, dont une part significativement plus élevée de garçons que de filles (p < 0,01). Le repas le plus fréquemment consommé était le déjeuner, le petit-déjeuner était souvent négligé et le taux de consommation de fast-food et de boissons gazeuses était élevé. Un bon apport en fruits et légumes a été corrélé de façon positive avec une prise de déjeuner plus fréquente, une appartenance au sexe masculin, un soutien parental en faveur d'une alimentation saine et une perception favorable des repas de famille. Conclusion : Des différences significatives sur le plan des habitudes alimentaires ont été notées entre les adolescents et les adolescentes émiratis. Les horaires de travail actuels constituent une menace pour le traditionnel déjeuner familial. Le contexte social étant propre à chaque sexe, il pourrait s'avérer nécessaire de cibler les interventions afin d'optimiser les résultats au sein de chaque groupe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

الملخص (بالعربية): الخلفية: هناك حاجة إلى تدخلات لتعزيز الأكل الصحي لدى المراهقين في الإمارات العربية المتحدة. ومن أجل تصميم التدخلات الفعالة، لا بدّ من فهم سلوكيات المراهقين في تناول الطعام. الأهداف: هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى وصف سلوكيات المراهقين في تناول الطعام في دبي والعوامل المرتبطة بتناول الفواكه والخضراوات. طرق البحث: هذه دراسة توضيحية تتابعية باستخدام مقاربة الطرق المختلطة. تم اختيار 10 مدارس من بين 34 مدرسة ثانوية في دبي اختياراً 12 في الدراسة. وجُِعَت البيانات المبلغ عنها ذاتياً عن استهلاك الفواكه والخضروات وعن - عشوائياً لإدراج طلاب من الصفوف الدراسية 10 سلوكيات تناول الطعام وتوافر الغذاء والمتغيرات الاجتماعية والسكانية. وفي مرحلة الدراسة الكيفية، أجريت مقابلات مع 14 طالباً حول سلوكهم في تناول الطعام. النتائج: شملت الدراسة إجمالي 620 طالباً، كان 57 ٪ منهم من الأولاد ومعظمهم أبلغ عن أنه من ذوي الثراء العائلي المتوسط/الرفيع. ولم يستوفِ المدخول اليومي الموصى به من الفواكه والخضراوات إلا 28 ٪ فقط من المشاركين في الدراسة، وكان عدد الذكور بينهم أكبر من عدد الإناث الذين 0.01 (. وكان الغداء هو أكثر الوجبات التي يغلب أن يتم تناولها، وكان من الغالب إسقاط < P( ، استوفوا المدخول اليومي بمقدار يعتَدّ به إحصائياً وجبة الإفطار، وسجلت نسبة عالية من استهلاك الوجبات السريعة والمشروبات الحلوة. وكان هناك ارتباط إيجابي بين مدخول الفاكهة من جهة وبين كل من تكرار تناول الغداء، وكون الطلاب من الذكور، ودعم الوالدين لتناول الطعام الصحي، والإدراك الإيجابي للوجبات العائلية. الاستنتاجات: هناك اختلافات يعتدّ بها في عادات الأكل بين الذكور والإناث من المراهقين. وتواجه وجبة الغداء من حيث كونها الوجبة العائلية الرئيسية تهديدات بزوالها بسبب ساعات العمل الحديثة. وقد يتطلب السياق الاجتماعي الخاص بالجنسين تدخلات تستهدف تحقيق النتائج المثلى في كل مجموعة. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal is the property of World Health Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Furlini, Linda, Noushi, Nioushah, Castonguay, Geneviève, Allison, Paul, Bedos, Christophe, De Souza, Raphael, Esfandiari, Shahrokh, Hovey, Richard, Macdonald, Mary Ellen, Morris, Martin, Nicolau, Belinda, Power, Frances, Feine, Jocelyne

المصدر: Journal of Dental Education; May2018, Vol. 82 Issue 5, p483-491, 9p

مستخلص: In North America, all dental schools have adopted some form of community-based dental education (CBDE) or service-learning, but little is known about the areas being researched and reported in published studies. The aim of this study was to conduct a scoping review to determine what areas of research had been conducted to determine the effects of CBDE on dental students' readiness to treat populations that are underserved. A systematic search of articles published in English or French since 2000 was performed on July 29, 2015, and combined quantitative and qualitative synthesis of data was conducted. Of the 32 studies evaluated, 23 (72%) were quantitative, seven (22%) were qualitative, and two were multi-method. The majority (66%) used self-report methods, most frequently surveys. Participants in 50% of the studies were fourth-year dental students; the others assessed third- and fourth-year (13%), first- and second-year (6%), and first-year (13%) students. Dentists were the participants in three studies (9%), with dentists and students in one study (3%). Either the types of populations receiving care were unspecified or four or more groups were pooled together in 25 studies (78%), while two focused on children, one on rural populations, one on elderly populations, two on persons with special health care needs, and one on low-income populations. The study areas were wide-ranging, but generally fell into three categories: student performance (37.5%), teaching approaches and evaluation methods (37.5%), and perceptions of CBDE (25%). This review identified many research gaps for determining whether students are prepared to treat populations that are underserved. The disparate nature of CBDE research demonstrates a compelling argument for determining elements that define student readiness to care for patients who are underserved and for research that includes the voices of patients, curriculum development, and more comprehensive and rigorous evaluation methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Journal of Dental Education is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Lindsay, James H., Kennedy, Alan J., Seiter-Moser, Jennifer M., Bednar, Anthony J., Boyd, Robert E., Johnson, David R., Allison, Paul, Tapperc, Ryan V.

المصدر: Environmental Science & Technology; 12/5/2017, Vol. 51 Issue 23, p13755-13762, 8p

المؤلفون: Peres, Marco A, Macpherson, Lorna M D, Weyant, Robert J, Daly, Blánaid, Venturelli, Renato, Mathur, Manu R, Listl, Stefan, Celeste, Roger Keller, Guarnizo-Herreño, Carol C, Kearns, Cristin, Benzian, Habib, Allison, Paul, Watt, Richard G

المصدر: The Lancet; July 2019, Vol. 394 Issue: 10194 p249-260, 12p

مستخلص: Oral diseases are among the most prevalent diseases globally and have serious health and economic burdens, greatly reducing quality of life for those affected. The most prevalent and consequential oral diseases globally are dental caries (tooth decay), periodontal disease, tooth loss, and cancers of the lips and oral cavity. In this first of two papers in a Series on oral health, we describe the scope of the global oral disease epidemic, its origins in terms of social and commercial determinants, and its costs in terms of population wellbeing and societal impact. Although oral diseases are largely preventable, they persist with high prevalence, reflecting widespread social and economic inequalities and inadequate funding for prevention and treatment, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). As with most non-communicable diseases (NCDs), oral conditions are chronic and strongly socially patterned. Children living in poverty, socially marginalised groups, and older people are the most affected by oral diseases, and have poor access to dental care. In many LMICs, oral diseases remain largely untreated because the treatment costs exceed available resources. The personal consequences of chronic untreated oral diseases are often severe and can include unremitting pain, sepsis, reduced quality of life, lost school days, disruption to family life, and decreased work productivity. The costs of treating oral diseases impose large economic burdens to families and health-care systems. Oral diseases are undoubtedly a global public health problem, with particular concern over their rising prevalence in many LMICs linked to wider social, economic, and commercial changes. By describing the extent and consequences of oral diseases, their social and commercial determinants, and their ongoing neglect in global health policy, we aim to highlight the urgent need to address oral diseases among other NCDs as a global health priority.

المؤلفون: Watt, Richard G, Daly, Blánaid, Allison, Paul, Macpherson, Lorna M D, Venturelli, Renato, Listl, Stefan, Weyant, Robert J, Mathur, Manu R, Guarnizo-Herreño, Carol C, Celeste, Roger Keller, Peres, Marco A, Kearns, Cristin, Benzian, Habib

المصدر: The Lancet; July 2019, Vol. 394 Issue: 10194 p261-272, 12p

مستخلص: Oral diseases are a major global public health problem affecting over 3·5 billion people. However, dentistry has so far been unable to tackle this problem. A fundamentally different approach is now needed. In this second of two papers in a Series on oral health, we present a critique of dentistry, highlighting its key limitations and the urgent need for system reform. In high-income countries, the current treatment-dominated, increasingly high-technology, interventionist, and specialised approach is not tackling the underlying causes of disease and is not addressing inequalities in oral health. In low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), the limitations of so-called westernised dentistry are at their most acute; dentistry is often unavailable, unaffordable, and inappropriate for the majority of these populations, but particularly the rural poor. Rather than being isolated and separated from the mainstream health-care system, dentistry needs to be more integrated, in particular with primary care services. The global drive for universal health coverage provides an ideal opportunity for this integration. Dental care systems should focus more on promoting and maintaining oral health and achieving greater oral health equity. Sugar, alcohol, and tobacco consumption, and their underlying social and commercial determinants, are common risk factors shared with a range of other non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Coherent and comprehensive regulation and legislation are needed to tackle these shared risk factors. In this Series paper, we focus on the need to reduce sugar consumption and describe how this can be achieved through the adoption of a range of upstream policies designed to combat the corporate strategies used by the global sugar industry to promote sugar consumption and profits. At present, the sugar industry is influencing dental research, oral health policy, and professional organisations through its well developed corporate strategies. The development of clearer and more transparent conflict of interest policies and procedures to limit and clarify the influence of the sugar industry on research, policy, and practice is needed. Combating the commercial determinants of oral diseases and other NCDs should be a major policy priority.

المؤلفون: Williams, Richard, Allison, Paul D., Moral-Benito, Enrique

المصدر: The Stata Journal; June 2018, Vol. 18 Issue: 2 p293-326, 34p

مستخلص: Panel data make it possible both to control for unobserved confounders and to include lagged, endogenous regressors. However, trying to do both simultaneously leads to serious estimation difficulties. In the econometric literature, these problems have been addressed by using lagged instrumental variables together with the generalized method of moments, while in sociology the same problems have been dealt with using maximum likelihood estimation and structural equation modeling. While both approaches have merit, we show that the maximum likelihood–structural equation models method is substantially more efficient than the generalized method of moments method when the normality assumption is met and that the former also suffers less from finite sample biases. We introduce the command xtdpdml, which has syntax similar to other Stata commands for linear dynamic panel-data estimation. xtdpdmlgreatly simplifies the structural equation model specification process; makes it possible to test and relax many of the constraints that are typically embodied in dynamic panel models; allows one to include time-invariant variables in the model, unlike most related methods; and takes advantage of Stata's ability to use full-information maximum likelihood for dealing with missing data. The strengths and advantages of xtdpdmlare illustrated via examples from both economics and sociology.