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المؤلفون: Testud, Guillaume, Canonne, Coline, Le Petitcorps, Quentin, Picard, Damien, Lengagne, Thierry, Labarraque, Dorothée, Miaud, Claude
المصدر: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 10
مصطلحات موضوعية: Ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
الوصف: Linear transport infrastructure can alter the viability of populations and wildlife passages are used to mitigate their impacts. The assessment of their outcomes is often limited to recording the use of the tunnels by a focal species. For amphibians, the effectiveness of tunnels is poorly evaluated with little information about whether certain features encourage individuals that may be reluctant to pass through tunnels. One study showed that acoustic enrichment with anuran calls can increase the crossing of tunnels by newts. This study recorded the behavior of three European amphibian species in three tunnels, tracking them with PIT tags and detection with four RFID antennas installed on the floor of the tunnels. We tested (1) the effectiveness of the antennas in detecting the species, (2) the effect of the length of the tunnels, and (3) the effect of acoustic enrichment. Using a multi-state capture–recapture model, we evaluated the probability of an individual advancing between the tunnel sections. The effectiveness of the antennas varied according to species, higher for Urodela species than for Anuran species. Several types of paths were detected (constant and varying speeds, halt, and back-and-forth movements). The fire salamander and the great crested newt individuals exhibited a similar variety of movements in the tunnels (21 and 40 m length). Triturus cristatus made similar movements in the tunnels with and without acoustic enrichment. In water frogs, all the individuals (n = 16) made a complete crossing in the tunnel with enrichment vs. 75% (n = 71) in the tunnel without enrichment. In T. cristatus, the probability of going forward at the entrance of the tunnel was 18% higher with enrichment in one tunnel. No significant effect of acoustic enrichment was observed in two others tunnels for this species. In Pelophylax esculentus, this probability was 78% higher in the tunnel with enrichment. This multi-antenna RFID system was able to provide valuable information on the behavior of these small animals when traversing the tunnels, as well as to test the effectiveness of tunnel features. The findings indicate that acoustic enrichment to attract animals to specific locations holds promise as a new conservation tool.
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::3ea09e0b73ac701c8990e33d2b0caf69Test
https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.958655Test -
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المؤلفون: Hoogmartens, Jan, Caminade, Anne, De Backer, Lien, Boydens, Wim, Wang, Qian, Dag, Suleyman, Cano, Hector, Jiri Cigler, Himpe, Eline, Picard, Damien, Ongun Berk Kazanci, Dragos-Ioan Bogatu
مصطلحات موضوعية: heat pump, MPC, H2020, hybridGEOTABS, EU, HVAC, GEOTHERMAL ENERGY, TABS, Building process
الوصف: This deliverable documents the prefabrication and pre-engineering requirements of the hybridGEOTABS (key) modules, while considering the interaction and integration of the components in the system. The efficient integration of hybridGEOTABS in all stages of the building process is discussed. Example hydraulic schemes of the concept are developed and explained, as well as generic component specifications for tendering.
This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 723649الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=doi_dedup___::23954930449dd09fe07c128ac6d69179Test
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المؤلفون: Picard, Damien, Helsen, Lieve
المصدر: International High Performance Buildings Conference
مصطلحات موضوعية: MPC, real implementation, GEOTABS
الوصف: Hybrid GEOTABS buildings are buildings equipped with a ground source heat pump (GSHP), thermally activated building systems (TABS), a conditioned ventilation and, optionally, additional heating and cooling systems such as variable-air-volume boxes or radiators. GEOTABS can be very energy efficient but their controllability is limited and thermal comfort is therefore not always guaranteed. Hybrid GEOTABS systems have the potential to eliminate these problems, provided the different system components interact properly. In this paper, we investigate the performance of hybrid GEOTABS systems for an office building, a retirement home, a school and a block of flats when controlled by a current practice rule-based-controller (RBC). The study is based on detailed simulation models inspired by four existing buildings. The RBCs performance is then compared with the performance achieved by Model Predictive Controllers (MPC) which optimize both the heat flow rates to the TABS and to the supplementary systems, and the supply ventilation temperature. The study shows that while thermal comfort cannot be guaranteed by RBC for all buildings, a very high thermal comfort is achieved when controlled by MPC. This means that hybrid GEOTABS systems can technically be successfully used for a wide variety of building (and occupancy) types when appropriate control is implemented. Moreover, the investigated MPCs can save between 30% and 50% of the energy cost of which 6% to 11% is obtained by optimizing both the TABS thermal powers and the ventilation supply temperature simultaneously instead of only the TABS powers. Finally, the optimal control behaviors obtained by MPCs showed clear time patterns which can be used to improve current practice RBCs. However, it is shown that simple heating/cooling curves, as used today, cannot reach the MPC performance.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=od_______540::7e496cec16b29d04333abc933e32fea9Test
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/ihpbc/272Test -
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المؤلفون: Cupeiro Figueroa, Iago, Drgoňa, Ján, Abdollahpouri, Mohammad, Picard, Damien, Helsen, Lieve
المصدر: International High Performance Buildings Conference
مصطلحات موضوعية: Energy performance of buildings, White-box model, State estimation, Optimal control
الوصف: In order to improve the energy efficiency of buildings, optimal control strategies, such as model predictive control (MPC), have proven to be potential techniques for intelligent operation of energy systems in buildings. However, in order to perform well, MPC needs an accurate controller model of the building to make correct predictions of the building thermal needs (feedforward) and the algorithm should ideally use measurement data to update the model to the actual state of the building (feedback). In this paper, a white-box approach is used to develop the controller model for an office building, leading to a model with more than 1000 states. As these states are not directly measurable, a state observer needs to be developed. In this paper, we compare three different state estimation techniques commonly applied to optimal control in buildings by applying them on a simulation model of the office building but fed with real measurement data. The considered observers are stationary Kalman Filter, time-varying Kalman Filter, and Moving Horizon Estimation. Summarizing the results, all estimators can achieve low output estimation error, but on the other hand only Moving Horizon Estimation is capable to keep the state trajectories within the limits thanks to the constraints at expenses of the computational time. As a first step towards real implementation of white-box MPC, in this paper, we have compared different state estimation techniques commonly applied to optimal control in buildings. We selected three different state observers available from the literature and compared their estimation error and robustness against initial conditions and noise in a numerical case study by using a virtual test bed model of a real building.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=od_______540::2465664511d1ea37c0971583036850d2Test
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1270&context=ihpbcTest -
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المصدر: International High Performance Buildings Conference
مصطلحات موضوعية: Modelica, Control, Optimisation, TACO, Model Predictive Control
الوصف: Model predictive control (MPC) is a promising alternative to rule-based control since it is more suitable to control increasingly complex buildings and thereby realising energy savings and comfort improvement. Practical implementations are however hampered by the complexity of MPC and the expertise required for developing MPC. Therefore, a toolchain for automated control and optimization (TACO) has been developed that automatically translates an object-oriented Modelica model into an efficient MPC code. Since object-oriented models from the Modelica IDEAS library are used, the expertise requirement and development time are reduced significantly. TACO has, however, not yet been applied to a real building and its robustness in real operation still must be demonstrated. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of the steps that are proposed for implementing an MPC using TACO. We therefore summarise our existing methodology and describe our future extension plans to implement an MPC in the Infrax office building in Brussels by September 2018.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=dedup_wf_001::e19df64f55f03c8dd44f169371d3db2bTest
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/ihpbc/276Test -
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المؤلفون: Picard, Damien, Sourbron, Maarten, Jorissen, Filip, Cigler, Ji?í, Vá?a, Zden?k, Ferkl, Lukás, Helsen, Lieve
المصدر: International High Performance Buildings Conference
مصطلحات موضوعية: MPC, white-box, grey-box, system identification
الوصف: Model predictive control (MPC) for building climate control has received increasing attention the last decade. Its large scale implementation is, however, still hampered by the difficulty of obtaining accurate but computationally efficient multi-zone building controller models. This paper compares an existing grey-box approach with a novel white-box approach to obtain a controller model of the building envelope and it compares the performance achieved by using these two approaches. The comparison is made for an existing office building, which is currently controlled using a grey-box MPC [1].  The building envelope and its heating, cooling and air conditioning systems  (HVAC) are modelled using the Modelica building energy simulation library IDEAS. The model is validated using measurement data from the real building. This detailed simulation model is composed of discretised partial differential equations, ordinary differential equations and algebraic equations. The model is therefore too complex to be used as controller model for MPC. Two MPC approaches are compared. On the one hand, the white-box controller model is obtained by linearizing the building envelope part of the simulation model and by pre-computing model inputs such as solar gains through each window [2]. The method generates a linear state space model, which produces very similar temperatures as the original non-linear model. On the other hand, the grey-box identification method that was used to obtain the current controller model, is also applied to the detailed simulation model. Both white-box and grey-box MPC are applied to the detailed simulation model. The dynamics of the HVAC systems are not included in the MPC model but the efficiencies, constraints, cost function and boundary conditions are included. The energy use, the achieved thermal zone comfort and the prediction performance are compared. Finally, a new grey-box model is identified with operation data of the real building and the multi-step ahead prediction performance of the white-box and of both the grey-box models obtained with the simulation data and obtained with the measured data is computed for the real building using the measurement data and the weather forecast, which are used by the current MPC implementation.  [1] Zdenek Vana, Jiri Cigler, Jan Siroky, Eva Zacekova, Lukas Ferkl. Model-based energy efficient control applied to an office building. J. Process Control (2014).  [2] Picard, D., Jorissen, F., and Helsen, L. 2015. Methodology for Obtaining Linear State Space Building Energy Simulation Models. In 11th International Modelica Conference, pages 51–58, Paris.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
الوصول الحر: https://explore.openaire.eu/search/publication?articleId=od_______540::e8c0c33d7346db0e946ed99ef1a77f28Test
https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1202&context=ihpbcTest
