المؤلفون: Zanon JA, Marques R, Herzog de Carvalho D, Larsen JG, De Souza Kulmann MS, Schumacher MV

المصدر: iForest - Biogeosciences and Forestry, Vol 17, Iss 1, Pp 29-35 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Soil Microbial Activity, Microbial Biomass Carbon, Microbial Basal Respiration, Forest Management, Forestry, SD1-669.5

الوصف: Over the last decades, Pinus taeda L. plantations in southern Brazil showed a great increase in average production. However, the gains in productivity obtained by genetic selection and breeding have nowadays stabilized. Research on edaphic factors and silvicultural practices is currently performed with the aim of both increasing the productivity of P. taeda plantations and maintaining the soil quality. To this end, soil microbiological attributes are considered better indicators of soil quality as they are more sensitive than chemical and physical ones. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between microbial activity and the physical and chemical parameters of different soil types under young Pinus taeda plantations at five different sites in southern Brazil. Soil samples were collected at depths of 0-5 and 5-10 cm. The soil microbiological attributes evaluated were: potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), microbial basal respiration (MBR), and metabolic quotient (qCO2). We also evaluated some physical and chemical soil parameters. Sites with the highest values of C, clay, and nutrients in the soil, showed higher values for the soil microbiological attributes, compared to the other study sites. The previous management with minimal tillage in some sites seems to positively affect soil quality. The MCB and MBR showed better sensitivity in indicating differences between sites and showed a good relationship with clay content, C/N ratio, K, and pH. These results suggest that site-specific characteristics such as soil type or forest management influence soil microbiological attributes in Pinus taeda plantations during initial growth in southern Brazil.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://iforest.sisef.org/contents/?id=ifor4349-016Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1971-7458Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/f44e07c566b745818b7207281a25fbabTest

المؤلفون: Leonardo Fernandes Sarkis, Mateus Portes Dutra, Damiany Pádua Oliveira, Tales Jesus Fernandes, Thaís Regina de Souza, Victor Ramirez Builes, Douglas Guelfi

المصدر: Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol 14 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: nitrogen fertilizers, urease inhibitor, coffea arabica, basal respiration, enzymatic activity, soil health, Plant culture, SB1-1110

الوصف: We aimed to quantify the N losses through volatilization of the main conventional and stabilized N fertilizers applied in coffee plantations. Additionally, we also assessed microbiological attributes of the soil (microbial biomass carbon (MBC); microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN); microbial basal respiration (MBR); metabolic quotient (qCO2); urease, β-glucosidase, acid phosphatase, and arylsulfatase activities) and agronomic aspects of the crop (N content in the leaves and beans, yield, and N exportation by the beans). Treatments consisted of the combination of three fertilizers (ammonium nitrate - AN, conventional urea - U, and urea with N- (n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) - UNBPT, and five doses of N (0, 150, 275, 400, and 525 kg ha-1 year-1 of N), with four replicates, totalling 60 experimental plots. In the two crop seasons evaluated, daily and cumulative losses of N-NH3 from the split fertilizer applications were influenced by the N fertilizer technologies. The application of U resulted in losses of 22.0% and 22.8% for the doses of 150 and 400 kg ha-1 year-1 of N. This means that 66 and 182 kg ha-1 of N-NH3 were lost, respectively, at the end of six fertilizations with U. UNBPT reduced urease activity and N-NH3 losses compared to conventional urea, avoiding the volatilization of 15.9 and 24.3 kg ha-1 of N. As for AN, N-NH3 losses did not exceed 1% of the applied dose, regardless of the weather conditions during the fertilization. Urease activity was higher on days of maximum NH3 volatilization. There was an effect of the N sources (NS), soil sampling time (ST), and their interaction (NS × ST) on the MBN and arylsulfatase activity. The N sources also influenced the MBC and the qCO2. A substantial amount of N was removed from the system by the beans and husks of the harvested fruits. Our study showed that N fertilizer technologies are interesting options to reduce N-NH3 losses by volatilization, increase N retention in the soil, and improve microbiological attributes and the sustainability of coffee production systems.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2023.1291662/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1664-462XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/a20fc81897ba407e82e200fbc805fdf3Test

المؤلفون: Paulo Henrique Cazarim, Marcelo Augusto de Aguiar e Silva, Adriana Pereira da Silva, Rodrigo Dlugosz da Silva, Gabriel Danilo Shimizu, Murilo Arruda Corsi, Eduardo Augusto Matsushima Tavares, Euler Augusto Inêz

المصدر: Colloquium Agrariae, Vol 19, Iss 1 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Basal respiration, microbial biomass, mineral fertilizer, organomineral fertilizer, soil chemistry, Agriculture, Agriculture (General), S1-972

الوصف: Recent searches stress that soybean yield might be doubled in Brazilian conditions, so that base fertilization is pivotal, once it might interfere over the chemical and microbiological soil indicators and hence, over the crop grain yield. It was aimed to assess alterations in the chemical and microbiological soil indicators, in the short term, and the soybean biometric and grain yield performance as a function of different fertilizers for base fertilization, in two sowing dates. An experiment comprised of two sowing dates was carried out in 2019/2020 season on a dystroferic Red Latossol, in north Parana state. It were assessed five treatments comprising: 1) control; 2) mineral fertilizer; 3) organomineral fertilizer; 4) mineral fertilizer mixed to granulated gypsum; and 5) slow release mineral fertilizer. Randomized block design with four replicates was the design adopted. It were assessed chemical and microbiological soil indicators; final stand; first pod insertion height; plant height; stem diameter; number of pods per plant; number of grains per plant; number of grains per pod; grain mass per plant; one thousand grain mass and grain yield. There is no base fertilization effect over the chemical soil indicators in the short term, however, there is effect over the microbiological soil indicators. Biometric and grain yield performance are decreased as sowing date is delayed, regardless of the base fertilization employed.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://revistas.unoeste.br/index.php/ca/article/view/4159Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1809-8215Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/fc78a3e862544ab0bb2baf307c3366c9Test

المؤلفون: Paulo Henrique Cazarim, Marcelo Augusto de Aguiar e Silva, Adriana Pereira da Silva, Rodrigo Dlugosz da Silva, Gabriel Danilo Shimizu, Murilo Arruda Corsi, Eduardo Augusto Matsushima Tavares, Euler Augusto Inêz

المصدر: Colloquium Agrariae, Vol 19, Iss 1 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Basal respiration, microbial biomass, mineral fertilizer, organomineral fertilizer, soil chemistry, Agriculture, Agriculture (General), S1-972

الوصف: Recent searches stress that soybean yield might be doubled in Brazilian conditions, so that base fertilization is pivotal, once it might interfere over the chemical and microbiological soil indicators and hence, over the crop grain yield. It was aimed to assess alterations in the chemical and microbiological soil indicators, in the short term, and the soybean biometric and grain yield performance as a function of different fertilizers for base fertilization, in two sowing dates. An experiment comprised of two sowing dates was carried out in 2019/2020 season on a dystroferic Red Latossol, in north Parana state. It were assessed five treatments comprising: 1) control; 2) mineral fertilizer; 3) organomineral fertilizer; 4) mineral fertilizer mixed to granulated gypsum; and 5) slow release mineral fertilizer. Randomized block design with four replicates was the design adopted. It were assessed chemical and microbiological soil indicators; final stand; first pod insertion height; plant height; stem diameter; number of pods per plant; number of grains per plant; number of grains per pod; grain mass per plant; one thousand grain mass and grain yield. There is no base fertilization effect over the chemical soil indicators in the short term, however, there is effect over the microbiological soil indicators. Biometric and grain yield performance are decreased as sowing date is delayed, regardless of the base fertilization employed.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://journal.unoeste.br/index.php/ca/article/view/4159Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1809-8215Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/3ae35ef7d330459eba622e0c9eacdbacTest

المؤلفون: Jihai Zhou, Wanyue Hong, Jinping Feng, Lanping Song, Xiaoping Li, Shangqi Xu, Shoubiao Zhou

المصدر: Heliyon, Vol 9, Iss 2, Pp e12604- (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Soil basal respiration, Microbial biomass carbon, Phospholipid fatty acids, Bacteria, Fungi, Actinomycetes, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99

الوصف: Due to its soil formation process, dryland red soil has certain characteristics that are unfavorable for crop growth, including acidity, fineness, plate structures, and erosivity. The use of large amounts of fertilizer can decrease fertility and biodiversity and increase acidification, thereby seriously restricting the sustainable utilization of dryland red soil resources. Therefore, there is an urgent need for techniques that improve the crop quality and yield in dryland red soil areas. Returning crop waste to fields as fertilizer is a promising approach to sustainable agriculture. In the present study, the effects of applying peanut shell and an associated biochar product to dryland red soil were investigated, with a focus on soil microbial activity and community structure. Field experiments were conducted in Jiangxi Province, southern China, in 2020, in field plots of sweet potato crops. Seven treatments were set up according to the principle of equal carbon return to farmland: Control: (conventional fertilization); S1, S2, S3 (peanut shell application of 3000, 4500 and 6000 kg hm-2, respectively); and BC1, BC2, BC3 (peanut shell biochar application of 1000, 1500 and 2000 kg hm-2, respectively). The application of peanut shell and its biochar improved soil basal respiration, with the greatest increase relative to controls of 161.06% found in treatment S3 at the root harvest stage. The most obvious increase in microbial biomass carbon content due to biochar application was 206.50% in treatment BC2 at the root harvest stage. The application of peanut shell and its biochar increased the phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) contents of total soil microorganisms and different microbial groups. The maximum increases in the PLFA contents of total soil microorganisms, gram-positive bacteria, and gram-negative bacteria occurred at the early root formation stage in treatment BC2, which were 112.16%, 102.52%, and 115.64%, respectively. Both peanut shell and biochar increased the PLFA contents of soil actinomycetes, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and other fungi to certain extents. The soil actinomycetes PLFAs increased by 120.08% at the early root formation stage in BC2, while the AMF PLFAs increased by 79.44% at the seedling stage in S2. This study provides theoretical and practical guidance for the comprehensive utilization of peanut shell and the implementation of circular agriculture in dryland red soil regions. It also provides a scientific basis for improving the fertility of dryland red soil.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022038920Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2405-8440Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/8997b44d58974e2c9d297b1556004321Test

المؤلفون: Valeria Gabechaya, Irina Andreeva, Dmitriy Morev, Alexis Yaroslavtsev, Alexander Neaman, Ivan Vasenev

المصدر: Soil Systems, Vol 7, Iss 3, p 73 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: vineyard, ampelocenosis, basal respiration, substrate-induced respiration, microbial biomass, ecophysiological indices, Physical geography, GB3-5030, Chemistry, QD1-999

الوصف: The present study investigates the functionalecological status of typical light clay soils in vineyards in the southern region of Crimea, using both traditional (including fallow soils) and organic land-use systems. This analysis was carried out by examining agrochemical indicators, microbial respiratory activity, microbial biomass, and the ecological status of the microbial community. In organic vineyard soils, the mean substrate-induced respiration, microbial biomass carbon and the ratio of microbial biomass to organic carbon were found to be 2.8, 4.0, and 4.1 times higher, respectively, compared to conventional farm soils. On the contrary, the microbial metabolic coefficient was 1.4 times lower, signifying more favorable conditions for the functioning of the soil microbiota. The increased mobile sulfur content in organic vineyard soils (18.3 mg kg−1 vs. 8.0 mg kg−1 in traditional farms) and inadequate mobile phosphorus supply in some farms present potential risks. The suboptimal functional state of the microbiome in fallow soils previously under traditional plant protection necessitates comprehensive ecotoxicological analyses before development. Assessing the soil functional ecological status through an ecophysiological evaluation of the microbiome is vital for understanding ampelocenosis soils and making informed decisions on vineyard management practices.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8789/7/3/73Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2571-8789Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/8cc94b2103a24ebfabf3b3c14aea602dTest

المؤلفون: Higo Forlan Amaral, Kátia Regina Freitas Schwan-Estrada, José Ozinaldo Alves de Sena, Arnaldo Colozzi-Filho, Diva Souza Andrade

المصدر: Acta Scientiarum: Agronomy, Vol 45, Iss 1 (2022)

مصطلحات موضوعية: basal respiration, flux C microbial, metabolic quotient, microbial biomass, Vitis labrusca., Agriculture (General), S1-972

الوصف: Studies regarding soil quality and health often need to be up-to-date, as they feed new models for quantifying agricultural impacts on the environment. This study was established to understand how types of vineyard cultivation (organic and conventional) affect soil chemical and microbial attribute dynamics throughout different seasons. Vineyard management had a strong effect on chemical soil attributes. Organic carbon and phosphorus were 2.8 and 2.0 times greater, respectively, in organic vineyards than in conventional vineyards. Metabolic quotient (qCO2) values were lowest in summer and autumn, with an average of 2.31-2.49 µg C-CO2 h-1 g-1 soil, under organic management, indicating greater microbial growing efficacy. Regardless of season and sampling position, organic soil had a higher C microbial biomass than conventional vineyards, with values ranging from 179.79 to 284.71 µg g-1 soil, which were similar to those of the adjacent forest soil. Overall, there were increases in both the microbial and the chemical attributes of soil under organic vineyards compared relative to conventional management, which might have been due to the continuous input of organic matter, crop rotation, and alternative plant protection and fertilizer compounds used in organic farming.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciAgron/article/view/56158Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1679-9275Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1807-8621Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/9181ed715d464776b3abb1c8654cbf07Test

المؤلفون: Jakub Elbl, Vojtěch Lukas, Julie Sobotková, Igor Huňady, Antonín Kintl

المصدر: Life, Vol 13, Iss 3, p 745 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: drought, basal respiration, microbial activity, mineral nitrogen, climate change, Science

الوصف: This work presents results from a field experiment which was focused on the impact of the drought period on microbial activities in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil. To demonstrate the effect of drought, the pot experiment lasted from 2012 to 2015. Fifteen lysimeters (plastic containers) were prepared in our area of interest. These lysimeters were filled with the subsoil and topsoil from this area and divided into two groups. The first group consisted of two variants: V1 (control) and V2 (84 kg N/ha), which were not stressed by drought. The second group consisted of three variants, V3 (control), V4 (84 kg N/ha), and V5 (84 kg N/ha + 1.25 L lignohumate/ha), which were stressed by drought every year of the experiment for 30 days. Changes in the soil moisture content caused by drought significantly affect the growth of Deschampsia caespitosa L., the microbial activity, and the soil’s capacity to retain nutrients. The measured basal respiration and dehydrogenase activity values confirm the significant effect of drought on microbial activity. These values were demonstrably higher in the period before drought simulation by more than 60%. On the other hand, significant differences between microbial activities in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil were not found. We did not find a clear effect of drought on the formation of soil water repellency.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/13/3/745Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2075-1729Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/511fef797d7545d592830e32d8114752Test

المؤلفون: M.V. Moreno, F. Biganzoli, C. Casas, L. Manso, E. Moreira, L.B. Silvestro

المصدر: Journal of the Saudi Society of Agricultural Sciences, Vol 20, Iss 2, Pp 75-80 (2021)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Organic carbon, Basal respiration, Enzymes, Tillage systems, Intense agriculture, Pastures, Agriculture (General), S1-972

الوصف: We analyzed the effect of different tillage systems under different land-use histories, on biological properties of soil during one year. The experiment was carried out at a Petrocalcic Argiudoll of Tres Arroyos (Buenos Aires, Argentina). The specific aim was to describe and compare the soil organic carbon (SOC), the soil basal respiration (BR) and the activities of the enzyme dehydrogenase, urease and acid-phosphomonoesterase under zero and conventional tillage on soils under pasture and intensive agriculture. The SOC concentration was highest in summer (postharvest) independently of tillage system or land-use history. However, in autumn the plots under conventional tillage showed higher values of SOC than those with zero tillage, independently of land-use history. The BR had a significant benefit in favour of summer pasture soils. The effect of land-use history or the tillage system on the enzymes activity was dependent of sampling season. The soil enzymes were more sensible than SOC and BR. In temporal studies the effect of sampling season is strongest that others factors as tillage systems or land-use history.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1658077X20301077Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1658-077XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/1bb039221f3a48299e1635372476206cTest

المؤلفون: A. D. Pozdnyakova, L. A. Pozdnyakov

المصدر: Бюллетень Почвенного института им. В.В. Докучаева, Vol 0, Iss 103, Pp 149-167 (2020)

مصطلحات موضوعية: soil electrical resistance, digital mapping of soil, basal respiration, substrate-induced respiration, denitrification, greenhouse gases, Agriculture (General), S1-972

الوصف: It is shown that the use of electrophysical methods and GIS technologies allows revealing soil coverage structure and spatial distribution of individual biological indicators, in particular, greenhouse gases production, in drained histosols (eutrophic peat soils) located in complex landscape and hydrological conditions of the Yakhroma Valley in the Moscow Region. The combination of GIS technologies and soil electrophysics made it possible to bring together the various aspects of the soil composition and functioning. Consequently, it generates easily readable “image” of soil in a given place and at certain times. The used approach is based on the idea that the electrical resistance of soils, associated with the density of mobile charges (cations and anions of soil absorbing complex and solution), is formed under the influence of soil-forming processes and it is an integral indicator of a wide range of soil properties. Taking into account that the evolution and degradation of peatlands after their drainage is a microbiological process primarily, we paid special attention to the research in this area. The experience has been obtained in the mapping of the microbial formation of CO2, N2O and CH4 in peat soils. On the one hand, it allows estimating the current intensity of organic matter decomposition and losses of nitrogen and carbon by peat soils of different botanical composition, terms and methods of meliorations, and on the other hand, to determine the contribution of these soils to the greenhouse effect. It was established that the electrical resistance of the soil, basal, substrate-induced respiration and denitrification activity (specific form of anaerobic respiration) depend on the same set of soil properties and correlate with each other within the studied area. The high speed and productivity of electrophysical methods allow them to be used for primary soil diagnostics, selection of key points for further research, detailing the cartographic contours and refining the calculations of greenhouse gas fluxes from large areas.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://bulletin.esoil.ru/jour/article/view/591Test; https://doaj.org/toc/0136-1694Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2312-4202Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/1feddb3c1c2a4abea3e6d495126ee9cbTest