المؤلفون: V. P. Krasnov, O. V. Zhukovskyi, S. V. Sukhovetska, О. О. Orlov, V. V. Melnyk-Shamrai, T. V. Kurbet

المصدر: Âderna Fìzika ta Energetika, Vol 25, Iss 2, Pp 149-156 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: alnus glutinosa (l.) gaerth., stands, overmoistened mineral soils, soil bulk density, radionuclides, activity concentration, vertical distribution., Atomic physics. Constitution and properties of matter, QC170-197

الوصف: Research on the modern distribution of 137Cs in soils of different forest site types in black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaerth.) stands was conducted. In forest litter, there is not a high percentage of its total activity in soil: in moist fairly fertile site type (C3) – 13.4 %, damp fairly fertile site type (C4) – 16.3 %, and wet fairly fertile site type (C5) – 3.8 %. The mineral part of the soil in moist and damp fairly fertile site type is characterized by decreased density of radioactive contamination of soil layers with depth. In wet fairly fertile site type, this indicator increases to a depth of 6 - 8 cm and decreases with further deepening. A 10-cm layer of moist fairly fertile site type (C3) contains 61.8 % of the total radionuclide activity in soil, damp fairly fertile site type (C4) – 68.1%, and wet fairly fertile site type (C5) – 70.1 %, correspondingly; a 20-cm layer has 75.4, 78.3, 91.9 % and a 30-cm layer – 80.9, 82.2, 96.0 % of the total radionuclide activity.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://jnpae.kinr.kyiv.ua/25.2/Articles_PDF/jnpae-2024-25-0149-Krasnov.pdfTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1818-331XTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2074-0565Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/4a6196b8394c495c9f62c57bc840f3a7Test

المؤلفون: О. В. Жуковський, В. П. Краснов, Т. В. Курбет, В. В. Мельник-Шамрай

المصدر: Науковий вісник НЛТУ України, Vol 34, Iss 3 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: radionuclide, 137Cs specific activity, transfer factor, type of forest ecological condition, Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn, herbaceous-dwarf-shrub layer, Forestry, SD1-669.5

الوصف: The results of research conducted over the past 30 years in the forest ecosystems of Zhytomyr Polissia, in the areas affected by radioactive contamination as a result of the Chornobyl accident. In the course of the research carried out at the Poliskyi Branch of the Ukrainian Research Institute of Forestry and Forest Melioration named after G. M. Vysotsky, methods of forest radioecology, botany, and forestry were used, and the results were processed using statistical analysis. The peculiarities of radioactive contamination of the most common herbaceous and dwarf-shrub plants in the stands of black alder in damp fairly fertile site types were studied. As indicators characterizing these features, we used 137Cs specific activity in the aboveground part of plants and the transfer factor of radionuclide to plant phytomass from the soil. It was found that the highest values of the transfer factor of 137Cs from the soil to the aerial part of the plant phytomass in 1999 are characteristic of ferns: for Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray (276.9 m2∙kg-1∙10-3), Dryopteris carthusiana (Vill.) H. P. Fuchs (236.5 m2∙kg-1∙10-3), Thelypteris palustris Schott (171.2 m2∙kg-1∙10-3), and Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth (164.0 m2∙kg-1∙10-3). It was found that among the higher plants, the highest values of this indicator are for the Agrostis stolonifera L. (263.5 m2∙kg-1∙10-3), Galium uliginosum L. (155.8 m2∙kg-1∙10-3) and Maianthemum bifolium (L.) F. W. Schmidt (155.4 m2∙kg-1∙10-3). It was found out that the previously noted trends and interspecific differences in radionuclide accumulation persist after 22 years. It is shown, using the example of three plant species (Lysimachia vulgaris L., Galium uliginosum, and Maianthemum bifolium), that during the observation period (1991-2021) there is a gradual decrease in radioactive contamination of living ground cover plants and the intensity of 137Cs intake into them. This is explained by the decay of the radioactive element, its entry into various perennial components of forest ecosystems, some fixation in the soil, and, possibly, its removal beyond their borders. The established decrease in 137Cs specific activity in the aboveground part of plants is described by linear equations: for Lysimachia vulgaris – Am = –605.34a + 3745.6; R² = 0.98; Galium uliginosum – Am = –5107.5a + 30698; R² = 0.99; Maianthemum bifolium – Am = –4661.6 a + 28280; R² = 0.98. The identified peculiarities of radioactive contamination of various plant species, changes in 137Cs specific activity in them, and transfer factors of the radionuclide from the soil in stands of black alder in damp fairly fertile site types can be used in scientific works to predict possible changes in its redistribution within the ecosystem, as well as in the practice of harvesting medicinal plants in areas contaminated with radionuclides.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://nv.nltu.edu.ua/index.php/journal/article/view/2595Test; https://doaj.org/toc/1994-7836Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2519-2477Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/0165a94b44f9428ba8ca863bb34779a0Test

المؤلفون: Petya Koeva Christova

المصدر: Life, Vol 14, Iss 6, p 720 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: oomycetes, pathogens, rhizosphere, disease, Alnus, Science

الوصف: A number of Phytophthora species have been identified as destructive plant pathogens and invasive species. They have the potential to affect a wide range of host plants and cause diseases in agricultural and forest ecosystems. Two Phytophthora species from rhizosphere soil samples collected from declining Alnus glutinosa in Bulgaria were isolated in the autumn of 2022. They were identified as Phytophthora polonica and Phytophthora hydropathica according to the DNA sequence analysis of the ITS region, as well as their morphological and physiological characteristics. The pathogenicity of both species to common and gray alder was evaluated by the inoculation of detached leaves and cuttings. Experimental data proved that P. polonica and P. hydropathica are able to cause leaf necrosis not only on A. glutinosa from which they were derived, but also on A. incana. No significant deference in the aggressiveness of the studied isolates from both Phytophthora species against the two tested plants was observed. Therefore, P. polonica and P. hydropathica were determined as potential threats for alder ecosystems in the country. This is the first report for the isolation of P. polonica in Bulgaria and represents the most southeastern point of the species distribution in Europe.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/14/6/720Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2075-1729Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/d40bdedd507c47359f505051497082a9Test

المؤلفون: Carmine Marcone, Roberto Pierro, Carmine Palmieri

المصدر: Microorganisms, Vol 12, Iss 6, p 1140 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Alnus spp., 16SrV group, PCR, yellows diseases, symptomatology, decline, Biology (General), QH301-705.5

الوصف: Alder yellows (ALY) phytoplasma (16SrV-C) is associated with ALY, a disease of several Alnus (alder) species in Europe and A. rubra in North America. In all affected species, the symptoms are similar. However, latent infections are common. ALY phytoplasma includes different strains which may be occasionally transmitted to grapevines leading to some grapevine yellows diseases. In the current study, visual symptom assessment and PCR-based methods using universal and group-specific phytoplasma primers were used to update and extend knowledge on the occurrence, impact, and genetic diversity of ALY phytoplasma in declining and non-symptomatic A. glutinosa and A. cordata trees in the Basilicata and Campania regions of southern Italy. ALY phytoplasma was detected in 80% of alder trees examined. In symptomatic trees, no other cause of disease was observed. More than half of alder trees that tested phytoplasma-positive proved to be latently infected. A considerable genetic variability was observed among the newly recorded ALY phytoplasma strains in southern Italy in almost of the genes examined. These included 16S rRNA, 16S/23S rDNA spacer region, ribosomal protein rpsV (rpl22) and rpsC (rps3), map, imp, and groEL genes. Eleven new genotypes were identified at map gene sequence level. However, the genetic differences observed were not related to plant host species, geographical origin, and symptoms shown by infected alder trees. Also, this study indicates that ALY phytoplasma is more widespread than previously thought.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/12/6/1140Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2607Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/4066880a63d445c5a98f8dd86aceeed7Test

المؤلفون: Milena Marković, Vera Vidaković, Zorica Popović

المصدر: Plants, Vol 13, Iss 7, p 993 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Alnus incana, Alnus rohlenae, geometric morphometrics, hybridization, leaf allometry, leaf morphology, Botany, QK1-989

الوصف: Landmark-based geometric morphometrics (GM) was used to examine, for the first time, spontaneous hybridization between Alnus incana (L.) Moench and Alnus rohlenae Vít, Douda and Mandák, and to assess inter- and intrapopulation variability in leaf shape, leaf size and venation in natural populations in Serbia (Western Balkans). Two geographically distant (30 km) and two close (1.2 km) populations were selected to examine hybridization. The variability in leaf shapes was assessed by canonical variate analysis and linear discriminant analysis performed on the symmetric component of variation. Covariation between the symmetric component of shape variation and the number of pairs of secondary leaf veins was investigated with partial least squares analysis. Static allometry was examined for the first time in the genus Alnus Mill. A higher proportion of A. incana leaves was classified as A. rohlenae in geographically close populations, which is in accordance with the hypothesis about spontaneous hybridization. No single leaf of A. rohlenae was classified as A. incana, indicating that putative hybrids can only be found in grey alder populations. This study demonstrates that GM is a powerful tool for species delimitation and hybrid detection in the genus Alnus and it can be used for preliminary screening in hybrid zones.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/13/7/993Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/74ebdef02b2b418580155f88dd1fe5adTest

المؤلفون: Yuwei Yuan, Zhi Chen, Xin Huang, Fang Wang, Hongying Guo, Zhen Huang, Hanbo Yang

المصدر: Frontiers in Microbiology, Vol 14 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Alnus, Frankia, nitrogen nutrients, 16S rRNA, nifH, nitrogen fixation, Microbiology, QR1-502

الوصف: Alnus spp. (alder) are typical nonleguminous nitrogen-fixing trees that have a symbiotic relationship with Frankia. To explore the differences in nitrogen-fixing microorganisms between three alders (A. cremastogyne, A. glutinosa, and A. formosana) with different chromosome ploidies, the community structure and compositional diversity of potential nitrogen-fixing microorganism in root nodules and rhizosphere soil were comparatively analyzed using 16S rRNA and nitrogenase (nifH) gene sequencing. The nitrogen contents in the root nodules and rhizosphere soil were also determined. The results showed that the contents of total nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen in the root nodules of the three alders are significantly higher than those in the rhizosphere soils, while the ammonium nitrogen content show the opposite trend. The family, genus, and species levels showed obviously differences between root nodules and rhizosphere soils, while there were no significant differences at the classification level between the three alders. At the phylum level, the dominant phyla from 16S rRNA and nifH gene data in the root nodules and rhizosphere soil of the three alders are phylum Actinomycetota and phylum Pseudomonadota, respectively. The LEfSe results showed that there are significant differences in the dominant groups in the root nodules and rhizosphere oil of the three alders. The relative abundances of dominant groups also showed obvious differences between the root nodules and rhizosphere soils of three alders. The relative abundances of Frankia and unclassified_Frankia in root nodules are obviously higher than those in rhizosphere soils, and their relative abundances in A. glutinosa root nodules are significantly higher than those in A. cremastogyne and A. formosana at the genus and species levels. The diversity of potential nitrogen-fixing microorganism from 16S rRNA and nifH gene data in the A. glutinosa root nodules and rhizosphere soils are all higher than those in A. cremastogyne and A. formosana. The results of functional prediction also showed that the OTUs for nitrogen fixation, nitrate respiration, and ureolysis in A. glutinosa root nodules are higher than those in the other two alders. Redundancy analysis revealed that the total nitrogen content mostly affects the Frankia community. Overall, there are significant differences in the community composition and structure of potential nitrogen-fixing microorganism in the root nodules and rhizosphere soils between the three alders. A. glutinosa showed a relatively stronger nitrogen fixation capacity than A. formosana and A. cremastogyne. The results help elucidates how the community structure and nitrogen-fixing ability of potential nitrogen-fixing microorganism differ between alder species and serve as a reference for applying Frankia to alder plantations.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1230170/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1664-302XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/06a5dff58baf4ca7b0ef2b7e63c95fe0Test

المؤلفون: Dibyashree Shrestha

المصدر: Heliyon, Vol 9, Iss 11, Pp e21804- (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Alnus nepalensis, Functionalized porous carbon (FPC), Energy storage, Energy density, Adsorption, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99

الوصف: This research investigates the utility of functionalized porous carbon (FPC), derived from the waste wood of Alnus nepalensis. It demonstrates FPC's dual suitability as a versatile component for energy storage systems, specifically supercapacitors, and its impressive capacity to adsorb malachite green (MG) dye from industrial wastewater. The synthesis of FPC occurred through a controlled two-step process: initial activation of wood powder with H3PO4, followed by carbonization at 400 °C for 3 h in a tube furnace. To comprehensively evaluate the material's attributes, multiple analytical methods were employed: Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) analysis, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) imaging, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy. The prepared FPC exhibited desirable characteristics essential for achieving electrochemical performances and adsorption of dyes as well. TEM revealed voids within the material's structure, while BET confirmed high porosity with an active surface area of 1498 m2/g, a pore volume of 1.2 cm³/g, and a pore size of 4.6 nm featuring a harmonious presence of both micropores and mesopores. XRD and Raman spectroscopy confirmed FPC's amorphous state, and FTIR indicated oxygenated functional groups. As a supercapacitor electrode material, FPC demonstrated a specific capacitance of 156.3 F/g at 1A/g current density, an energy density of 5.1 Wh/Kg, a power density of 183.6 W/kg, and enduring cycling stability, retaining 98.4 % performance after 1000 charge-discharge cycles at 3A/g current density. In terms of dye adsorption, FPC exhibited remarkable efficiency. At a pH of 10.5 for MG dye, 0.030g of FPC displayed peak adsorption capacity, removing 95.6 % of 20 ppm MG within 2 min and an even more impressive 99.6 % within 6 min. These findings confirm FPC's potential from Alnus nepalensis as an outstanding supercapacitor electrode material and a rapid, efficient adsorbent for MG removal from industrial wastewater. This research suggests promising applications in energy storage and environmental remediation.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023090126Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2405-8440Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/b97f1f2426064295b3b06e2cd7233f5bTest

المؤلفون: Vladimíra Dekanová, Milan Novikmec, Ivana Svitková, Marek Svitok

المصدر: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Vol 11 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: breakdown rate, functional ecology, body size, detritivore diversity, Alnus glutinosa, Evolution, QH359-425, Ecology, QH540-549.5

الوصف: Leaf litter decomposition is a critical ecosystem-level process in many freshwater habitats. Although ponds are likely to derive a large proportion of their energy from riparian vegetation, allochthonous organic matter decomposition in these water bodies has received little attention. We studied the breakdown rates of black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.) litter in ponds and provide the first evidence of the role of the taxonomic and functional diversity of pond-dwelling shredders in this ecosystem process. Despite a strong connection to riparian zones, the litter breakdown rates observed in ponds were generally lower than those reported in headwater streams. It seems that ponds provide less favorable conditions for shredder communities than headwaters. The rate of organic matter decomposition in ponds was significantly positively related to functional diversity, represented by the variability of shredder body size, while shredder species richness did not appear to be a reliable proxy for this ecosystem function. This finding is consistent with theoretical predictions that functional complementarity among species has a systematic effect on ecosystem processes. It also emphasizes that body size is a crucial functional trait mediating the effects of shredder diversity on litter decomposition in ponds.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2023.1286672/fullTest; https://doaj.org/toc/2296-701XTest

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/01d7d6e3e28e414185d1177706bb33a7Test

المؤلفون: Lamichhane G, Sharma G, Sapkota B, Adhikari M, Ghimire S, Poudel P, Jung HJ

المصدر: Journal of Experimental Pharmacology, Vol Volume 15, Pp 93-106 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: alnus nepalensis, dryopteris sparsa, artocarpus lacucha, litsea monopetala, and lyonia ovalifolia, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950

الوصف: Gopal Lamichhane,1,2,* Grinsun Sharma,1,3,* Biswash Sapkota,1,4,* Mahendra Adhikari,1,5,* Sandhaya Ghimire,1,* Prakash Poudel,1,6 Hyun-Ju Jung2 1School of Health and Allied Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Pokhara University, Pokhara, 33700, Nepal; 2Department of Oriental Pharmacy and Wonkwang-Oriental Medicines Research Institute, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 570-749, South Korea; 3Institute of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 570-749, South Korea; 4Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacology, Madan Bhandari Academy of Health Sciences, Hetauda, 44107, Nepal; 5Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, 40225, Germany; 6Pharmacy Program, Gandaki University, Pokhara, 33700, Nepal*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Prakash Poudel; Hyun Ju Jung, Email poudelprakesh@gmail.com; hyun104@wku.ac.krIntroduction: Herbal products have been widely used for the treatment of diseases throughout the ages. In this research, we investigated antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-adipogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities of methanolic extracts of five ethnomedicinally important plants; namely, Alnus nepalensis, Dryopteris sparsa, Artocarpus lacucha, Litsea monopetala, and Lyonia ovalifolia.Methods: We investigated the DPPH free radical scavenging potential, sensitivity of selected bacterial strains towards the extracts using a disc diffusion assay, anti-inflammatory activity in RAW-264.7 cells, and anti-adipogenic activity by the ORO assay in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.Results and discussion: The extract of A. nepalensis showed significant antioxidant activity (IC50=4.838 μg/mL), followed by A. lacucha, L. monopetala, and L. ovalifolia, exhibiting comparable IC50 values to that of ascorbic acid (IC50=5.063 μg/mL). Alnus nepalensis also showed good antibacterial activity in disc diffusion methods, with remarkable zones of inhibition in A. baumannii (14.66 mm) and P. mirabilis (15.50 mm) bacterial species. In addition, A. nepalensis was found to increase adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells, evidenced by increased lipid deposition in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. A similar pattern of increased adipogenesis was observed on treatment with L. ovalifolia extracts. On the other hand, A. lacucha effectively reduced lipid deposition in 3T3-L1 cells at 100 μg/mL (75.18± 6.42%) by inhibiting adipogenesis, showing its potential use in the management of obesity. Furthermore, A. lacucha 100 μg/mL (15.91± 0.277 μM) and L. monopetala 75 μg/mL (12.52± 0.05 μM) and 100 μg/mL (11.77± 0.33 μM) significantly inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide production in RAW 264.7 cells. Also, A. nepalensis and L. ovalifolia inhibited NO production significantly, endorsing their anti-inflammatory potential.Conclusion: The findings from these in-vitro studies suggest that the selected five plants possess remarkable antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-adipogenic, and anti-inflammatory activities. This study opens the door to conduct further advanced in-vivo experiments to find possible lead compounds for the development of valuable therapeutic agents for common health problems.Keywords: Alnus nepalensis, Dryopteris sparsa, Artocarpus lacucha, Litsea monopetala, Lyonia ovalifolia

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.dovepress.com/screening-of-antioxidant-antibacterial-anti-adipogenic-and-anti-inflam-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-JEPTest; https://doaj.org/toc/1179-1454Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/00d645be8f9e4be4bf570367b438e69dTest

المؤلفون: Bayron Giovanny Obando-Enríquez, Filadelfo Hernández-Oviedo, Paola Andrea Portillo-López, Edwin Castro-Rincón

المصدر: Pastos y Forrajes, Vol 46, Pp 1-7 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: agroforestry, alnus acuminata, agricultural productivity, nutritional value, Agriculture (General), S1-972, Animal culture, SF1-1100

الوصف: Objective: To determine the effect of Alnus acuminata Kunth on the yield and nutritional quality of Cenchrus clandestinus (Hochst. ex Chiov.) Morrone in two pastoral systems in the Colombian Andean mountain range. Materials and Methods: For the evaluation of the yield and quality of the forage biomass of C. clandestinus, an experiment was conducted in a silvopastoral system and a pasture without tree cover. A complete randomized block design was established, defined by the presence or absence of A. acuminata, with pasture cutting frequency every 35 or 45 days. Four treatments and three replicas were defined to determine statistical differences. An analysis of variance and Tukey’s test were performed. The variables green forage production, dry matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, dry matter digestibility and net lactation energy were evaluated. Results: The experimental units of the silvopastoral system were statistically superior to the uncovered pasture treatments. They showed higher yields, in terms of green forage and dry matter, and stood out for their nutritional attributes of crude protein, digestibility and net lactation energy. The treatment with the incidence of the forest species A. acuminata and pasture utilization at 45 days recorded the highest averages in green forage and dry matter (19 360,3 and 123,5 kg) and the best nutritional quality, followed by the silvopastoral system with cutting frequency every 35 days. Conclusions: The silvopastoral system obtained the best results in production and quality of C. clandestinus grass, which indicates the positive impact of the tree species on the evaluated indicators, due to the different interactions that the tree promoted in the agroecosystem.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0864-03942023000100009&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=esTest; https://doaj.org/toc/0864-0394Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2078-8452Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/d19ef0cfcfb5499384278cf5aba30f18Test