The richness of bioactive compounds in microalgae has long inspired their exploitation for human nutrition. However, very few species are authorized for this use to date. Microalgae of the genus Nannochloropsis are already exploited in aquaculture for their high content in PUFAs, carotenoids, polyphenols and vitamins. These molecules can contribute to delay aging processes and prevent the onset of many metabolic disorders triggered by unhealthy lifestyles and diets with an excess of saturated fatty acids. Moreover, Nannochloropsis is efficiently cultivated at an industrial scale in photobioreactors, without the use of pesticides and preventing biological or chemical contaminations. Here, information on its chemical composition, safety and toxicology is discussed. Nannochloropsis can be an eco-sustainable alternative to fishery products as source of bioactive compounds. Importantly, the daily consumption of few grams of biomass would result in a regular dietary intake of essential molecules for the prevention of cardiovascular pathologies and other disorders.
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