المؤلفون: Pays, Olivier, Bonnet, Manon, Marchand, Ewen, Harmange, Clément, Bertolino, Sandro, Pagano, Alain, Picard, Damien, Grillo, Xavier, Grimault-Frémy, Antonin

المصدر: Sustainability (2071-1050); Mar2024, Vol. 16 Issue 5, p1970, 16p

مستخلص: Managing invasive alien species (IAS) is a critical issue for many countries to preserve native biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being. In western France, we analyzed data of captures of aquatic invasive alien rodents (AIARs), the coypu and muskrat, by the local permanent control program from 2007 to 2022 across 26 municipalities encompassing 631 km². We found that control activities removed up to 10.3 AIARs per km² annually. The number of coypus removed per trapper per year increased by 220%, whereas it decreased by 85% for muskrats. The number of trappers increased from 2007 to 2014, peaking at 70, and then decreased by 50% in 2022. The number of AIARs captured per trapper per year increased with the density of ponds. The number of coypus captured per year decreased with an increasing amount of woodland per municipality, whereas it increased with road density. Finally, other tested landscape variables did not affect the number of AIARs removed per trapper per year. Our results are discussed in the context of control activities implemented against IAS in other countries. We advocate for stakeholders to assess whether control activities against AIARs effectively mitigate the impacts on social-ecological systems in France. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Loesche, Christian, Picard, Damien, Van Hoorick, Benjamin, Schuhmann, Imelda, Jäger, Petra, Klein, Kai, Schuhler, Carole, Thoma, Gebhard, Markert, Christian, Poller, Birk, Zamurovic, Natasa, Weiss, H. Markus, Otto, Heike, Fink, Martin, Röhn, Till A.

المصدر: CTS: Clinical & Translational Science; Feb2024, Vol. 17 Issue 2, p1-14, 14p

مصطلحات موضوعية: HIDRADENITIS suppurativa, CLINICAL trials, ULCERATIVE colitis, BLOOD plasma, BLOOD cells

مستخلص: LYS006 is a novel, highly potent and selective, new‐generation leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) inhibitor in clinical development for the treatment of neutrophil‐driven inflammatory diseases. We describe the complex pharmacokinetic to pharmacodynamic (PD) relationship in blood, plasma, and skin of LYS006‐treated nonclinical species and healthy human participants. In a randomized first in human study, participants were exposed to single ascending doses up to 100 mg and multiple ascending doses up to 80 mg b.i.d.. LYS006 showed rapid absorption, overall dose proportional plasma exposure and nonlinear blood to plasma distribution caused by saturable target binding. The compound efficiently inhibited LTB4 production in human blood and skin blister cells, leading to greater than 90% predose target inhibition from day 1 after treatment initiation at doses of 20 mg b.i.d. and above. Slow re‐distribution from target expressing cells resulted in a long terminal half‐life and a long‐lasting PD effect in ex vivo stimulated blood and skin cells despite low plasma exposures. LYS006 was well‐tolerated and demonstrated a favorable safety profile up to highest doses tested, without any dose‐limiting toxicity. This supported further clinical development in phase II studies in predominantly neutrophil‐driven inflammatory conditions, such as hidradenitis suppurativa, inflammatory acne, and ulcerative colitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Bonnet, Manon, Guédon, Gérald, Bertolino, Sandro, Harmange, Clément, Pagano, Alain, Picard, Damien, Pays, Olivier

المصدر: Management of Biological Invasions; Nov2023, Vol. 14 Issue 4, p625-640, 16p

مصطلحات موضوعية: INTRODUCED species, RODENTS, INFORMATION resources management, BIOLOGICAL invasions, ECOSYSTEMS

مصطلحات جغرافية: FRANCE

مستخلص: Invasive alien species (IAS), including aquatic invasive alien rodents (AIAR), cause extensive damage to ecosystems with significant economic, human health, and environmental concerns. In France, AIAR populations are well established, and a permanent control programme has been set up in several areas to reduce their impact. While some studies have reported the results of AIAR control activities, detailed information on current management strategies and how control activities are implemented in the field is lacking. This study evaluates the implementation of the management plan and control activities of AIAR in France regarding (i) problem definition, feasibility and objectives, (ii) planning from action plan, organization, funding and methods, (iii) field implementation from spatial prioritisation and personnel and (iv) monitoring and evaluation. Our study reveals that in France, (i) local and regional institutions mainly manage control activities primarily through volunteers and (ii) national and regional management plans on AIAR controls are missing. We elaborate on several actions that can help local and regional entities in improving their control programme, including zonation for priority actions, development of performance indicators of control activities, engagement of volunteers, and scientific monitoring of AIAR populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Eynard, Benoit, Bachmann, Pascale, Le-Loch, Sébastien, Picard, Damien, Guérin, Jean-Dominique, Bricogne, Matthieu, Reyes, Tatiana

المصدر: Proceedings of the Design Society; Jul2023, Vol. 3, p2145-2154, 10p

مصطلحات موضوعية: COLLEGE curriculum, BLENDED learning, DESIGN education, DESIGN education in universities & colleges, SYSTEMS engineering

مستخلص: During coronavirus time, academic organisations and education institutions have been faced to amazing and radical changes from one day to the other of their teaching contexts, practices, materials and standards and so on. Due to pandemic, in many countries professors, teachers, educators have been obliged to switch on remote education and teaching models with numerous virtual and digital solutions that at the beginning were more or less efficient and professional based. The paper will present a experiment feedback for large hybridation of technology and engineering curriculum for bachelor degree in French higher education system. The educational content and platform has been developed by the consortium of 14 different universities and higher education institutions. In the global topics covered by the project, a specific focus will be given in the paper on subject dealing with engineering design, systems engineering and sustainanibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: de Solan, Thomas, Théry, Marc, Picard, Damien, Crochet, Pierre‐André, David, Patrice, Secondi, Jean

المصدر: Journal of Evolutionary Biology; Apr2022, Vol. 35 Issue 4, p575-588, 14p

مصطلحات موضوعية: NEWTS, SYMPATRIC speciation, COMPETITION (Biology), ENERGY dissipation, COEXISTENCE of species, COLOR, LOTKA-Volterra equations, NATURAL selection

مستخلص: Coexistence with related species poses evolutionary challenges to which populations may react in diverse ways. When exposed to similar environments, sympatric populations of two species may adopt similar phenotypic trait values. However, selection may also favour trait divergence as a way to reduce competition for resources or mates. The characteristics of external body parts, such as coloration and external morphology, are involved to varying degrees in intraspecific signalling as well as in the adaptation to the environment and consequently may be diversely affected by interspecific interactions in sympatry. Here, we studied the effect of sympatry on various colour and morphological traits in males and females of two related newt species Lissotriton helveticus and L. vulgaris. Importantly, we did not only estimate how raw trait differences between species respond to sympatry, but also the marginal responses after controlling for environmental variation. We found that dorsal and caudal coloration converged in sympatry, likely reflecting their role in adaptation to local environments, especially concealment from predators. In contrast, aspects of male and female ventral coloration, which harbours sexual signals in both species, diverged in sympatry. This divergence may reduce opportunities for interspecific sexual interactions and the associated loss of energy, suggesting reproductive character displacement (RCD). Our study emphasizes the contrasting patterns of traits involved in different functions and calls for the need to consider this diversity in evolutionary studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Gauffre, Bertrand, Boissinot, Alexandre, Quiquempois, Vincent, Leblois, Raphael, Grillet, Pierre, Morin, Sophie, Picard, Damien, Ribout, Cécile, Lourdais, Olivier

المصدر: Molecular Ecology; Jan2022, Vol. 31 Issue 1, p119-133, 15p

مصطلحات موضوعية: GENETIC variation, GENE flow, GENETIC distance, POPULATION genetics, NEWTS, FRAGMENTED landscapes, AGRICULTURAL intensification, ARABLE land

مصطلحات جغرافية: FRANCE

مستخلص: Recent agricultural intensification threatens global biodiversity with amphibians being one of the most impacted groups. Because of their biphasic life cycle, amphibians are particularly vulnerable to habitat loss and fragmentation that often result in small, isolated populations and loss of genetic diversity. Here, we studied how landscape heterogeneity affects genetic diversity, gene flow and demographic parameters in the marbled newt, Triturus marmoratus, over a hedgerow network landscape in Western France. While the northern part of the study area consists of preserved hedged farmland, the southern part was more profoundly converted for intensive arable crops production after WWII. Based on 67 sampled ponds and 10 microsatellite loci, we characterized regional population genetic structure and evaluated the correlation between landscape variables and (i) local genetic diversity using mixed models and (ii) genetic distance using multiple regression methods and commonality analysis. We identified a single genetic population characterized by a spatially heterogeneous isolation‐by‐distance pattern. Pond density in the surrounding landscape positively affected local genetic diversity while arable crop land cover negatively affected gene flow and connectivity. We used demographic inferences to quantitatively assess differences in effective population density and dispersal between the contrasted landscapes characterizing the northern and southern parts of the study area. Altogether, results suggest recent land conversion affected T. marmoratus through reduction in both effective population density and dispersal due to habitat loss and reduced connectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Carballido, José M., Regairaz, Camille, Rauld, Celine, Raad, Layla, Picard, Damien, Kammüller, Michael

المصدر: Frontiers in Immunology; 3/31/2020, p1-25, 25p

مصطلحات موضوعية: AUTOIMMUNE diseases, IMMUNOLOGICAL tolerance, ROOT diseases, B cells, T cells

مستخلص: Standard treatments for autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders rely mainly on immunosuppression. These are predominantly symptomatic remedies that do not affect the root cause of the disease and are associated with multiple side effects. Immunotherapies are being developed during the last decades as more specific and safer alternatives to small molecules with broad immunosuppressive activity, but they still do not distinguish between disease-causing and protective cell targets and thus, they still have considerable risks of increasing susceptibility to infections and/or malignancy. Antigen-specific approaches inducing immune tolerance represent an emerging trend carrying the potential to be curative without inducing broad immunosuppression. These therapies are based on antigenic epitopes derived from the same proteins that are targeted by the autoreactive T and B cells, and which are administered to patients together with precise instructions to induce regulatory responses capable to restore homeostasis. They are not personalized medicines, and they do not need to be. They are precision therapies exquisitely targeting the disease-causing cells that drive pathology in defined patient populations. Immune tolerance approaches are truly transformative options for people suffering from autoimmune diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Frontiers in Immunology is the property of Frontiers Media S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

المؤلفون: Picard, Damien, Helsen, Lieve

المصدر: Energies (19961073); Feb2018, Vol. 11 Issue 2, p314, 19p, 2 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 8 Graphs

مصطلحات موضوعية: HEATING & ventilation industry, GROUND source heat pump systems, THERMAL comfort, BUILDING design & construction, STEAM power plants, HEAT pumps

مستخلص: In the early design phase of a building, the task of the Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) engineer is to propose an appropriate HVAC system for a given building. This system should provide thermal comfort to the building occupants at all time, meet the building owner's specific requirements, and have minimal investment, running, maintenance and replacement costs (i.e., the total cost) and energy use or environmental impact. Calculating these different aspects is highly time-consuming and the HVAC engineer will therefore only be able to compare a (very) limited number of alternatives leading to suboptimal designs. This study presents therefore a Python tool that automates the generation of all possible scenarios for given thermal power profiles and energy load and a given database of HVAC components. The tool sizes each scenario properly, computes its present total cost (PC) and the total CO2 emissions associated with the building energy use. Finally, the different scenarios can be searched and classified to pick the most appropriate scenario. The tool uses static calculations based on standards, manufacturer data and basic assumptions similar to those made by engineers in the early design phase. The current version of the tool is further focused on hybrid GEOTABS building, which combines a GEOthermal heat pump with a Thermally Activated System (TABS). It should further be noted that the tool optimizes the HVAC system but not the building envelope, while, ideally, both should be simultaneously optimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Isselin-Nondedeu, Francis, Trochet, Audrey, Joubin, Thomas, Picard, Damien, Etienne, Roselyne, Chevalier, Hugo, Legrand, Delphine, Ribéron, Alexandre

المصدر: Conservation Genetics; Aug2017, Vol. 18 Issue 4, p853-866, 14p

مصطلحات موضوعية: LISSOTRITON helveticus, RESTORATION ecology, AMPHIBIAN conservation, HETEROZYGOSITY, GENE flow

مستخلص: Preserving amphibian genetic diversity through ecological restoration and conservation actions is a major challenge since their populations are declining worldwide. We studied the genetic diversity and spatial genetic structure of the palmate newt ( Lissotriton helveticus) 2 years after the restoration of a pond network in northwestern France with the aim of reconstructing fine-scale genetic structure and patterns of colonization. We sampled newts from 29 forest ponds including both restored and non-degraded reference ponds, and genotyped 391 individuals at 12 microsatellite loci. We used two Bayesian clustering methods to spatially delineate genetic clusters, and we also detected potential recent migrants within the network. All ponds showed low levels of observed heterozygosity (Ho = 0.534) and a mean F of 0.251, possibly indicating a Wahlund or bottleneck effect. Pairwise F suggested limited evidence of genetic differentiation among ponds. Within the pond network, we identified 3 to 4 genetic clusters. Combined with the detection of migrants, the results suggest an increase in gene flow within the restored pond network and that a high number of migrants came from the reference ponds. Our findings indicate an unexpected high dispersal ability for this small-bodied species. Overall, the absence of population structure represents a positive beginning for the restoration project. It also emphasizes the importance of spatial design in restoring a pond network and that such genetic data and methods should be used to monitor amphibians in restored habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: LE CHEVALIER, HUGO, CALVEZ, OLIVIER, MARTÍNEZ-SILVESTRE, ALBERT, PICARD, DAMIEN, GUÉRIN, SANDRA, ISSELIN-NONDEDEU, FRANCIS, RIBÉRON, ALEXANDRE, TROCHET, AUDREY

المصدر: Acta Herpetologica; Jun2017, Vol. 12 Issue 1, p79-88, 10p

مصطلحات موضوعية: TRITURUS marmoratus, AMPHIBIANS, SALAMANDRIDAE, SALAMANDERS, POPULATION dynamics

مستخلص: Individual marking has become essential for studying population dynamics and ecological requirements. However, marking small-bodied species such as amphibians is becoming a challenge in the last decades. Amphibian surveys may require to mark manually individuals, using toe clipping, polymers and pigments, or passive integrated transponders (PIT-tags). Even if ethics committees have recently recommend avoiding toe clipping in amphibians, the use of PIT-tags led to controversial results because low tag retention reported in some studies. Here, we describe a protocol of potentially life-long PIT-tag marking in a protected species, the marbled newt Triturus marmoratus. In addition, we also detailed a second procedure of surgery for the implantation of transmitters needed in radio-tracking surveys. During both procedures, we found that the newt phase (either aquatic or terrestrial) strongly affected the anesthesia duration. Indeed, newts in aquatic phase were more quickly anesthetized than newts under terrestrial phase. We then recommend to pay attention of this physiological particularity when performing this kind of procedure. Improving our knowledge on ecological requirements and population dynamics of this species is crucial for management and conservation plans, and could be extended to other large newts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: Copyright of Acta Herpetologica is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)