المؤلفون: Marszalek, Jacob M.^1,2 (AUTHOR) marszalekj@umkc.edu, Hager, Patricia L.^1,3 (AUTHOR), Anderson, Jacquelyn N.² (AUTHOR), Waddell, Jack T.⁴ (AUTHOR)

المصدر: Journal of Happiness Studies. Dec2021, Vol. 22 Issue 8, p3385-3412. 28p. 3 Diagrams, 3 Charts.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *SUBJECTIVE well-being (Psychology), *STRUCTURAL equation modeling, *PERSONALITY, *CONFIRMATORY factor analysis, *MENTAL health, *OPENNESS to experience, *FIVE-factor model of personality

مستخلص: Flow is a motivational state occurring when one's skill level is balanced with the challenge of a task, leading to optimal performance and profound enjoyment. Its connection with optimal performance has drawn interest in fields focused on performance—such as sports, education, and work—and its connection with enjoyment has drawn interest in fields focused on subjective well-being, such as leisure and mental health. Facilitation of flow can involve both personality traits that promote it and those that hinder it, such as reactance. Reactance occurs when one perceives either a threat to a freedom or its actual loss, leading to behaviors directed toward restoring that lost/threatened freedom. Reactance is negatively correlated with personality traits such as openness and positively correlated with neuroticism and anxiety, whereas flow is positively correlated with openness and negatively related with neuroticism and anxiety. After comparing several structural equation models using a sample of 369 postsecondary students, a first-order confirmatory factor analysis model was retained. Results indicated negative correlations between most flow factors and two of four reactance factors (resentment of authority and tolerance of conflict), and positive correlations with the remaining two (resistance to influence and preservation of freedom). Thus the strength and direction of the association between flow and reactance depend on the factors involved. These findings reflect a complex relationship between flow and reactance and provide insight into how optimal performance and subjective well-being can be better facilitated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

المؤلفون: Heidemeier, Heike¹ heidemeier@psych.rwth-aachen.de, Göritz, Anja² goeritz@psychologie.uni-freiburg.de

المصدر: Journal of Happiness Studies. Dec2016, Vol. 17 Issue 6, p2595-2612. 18p. 2 Diagrams, 5 Charts.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *PERSONALITY, *STRUCTURAL equation modeling, *FIVE-factor model of personality, *EMOTIONAL experience, *NEUROTICISM, *SOCIAL perception

مستخلص: Adopting a social-cognitive view of personality, this study investigated individual differences in the direct (i.e., temperamental) and indirect (i.e., instrumental) effects of the Big Five traits on life satisfaction. For that purpose, we examined a process model in which domain-based emotional experiences mediated the instrumental effects of personality traits. Using mixture structural equation modeling (n = 2682 adults) we found that the direct effects of neuroticism and extraversion were invariant across individuals, whereas the instrumental effects of the Big Five traits varied across two unobserved subgroups. In one of these subgroups (60 %), conscientiousness, openness, agreeableness, and neuroticism had relatively larger effects on domain-based affect and life satisfaction. In a second subgroup (40 %), extraversion was comparatively more relevant for explaining domain-based affect and life satisfaction. Our findings provide evidence that the instrumental role of personality traits and judgmental processes may act in accord to promote subjective well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]