المؤلفون: Kumawat, Anita, Yadav, Devideen, Srivastava, Pankaj, Babu, Subhash, Kumar, Dinesh, Singh, Deepak, Vishwakarma, Dinesh Kumar, Sharma, V. K., Madhu, M.

المصدر: Land Degradation & Development ; volume 34, issue 11, page 3079-3097 ; ISSN 1085-3278 1099-145X

الوصف: Currently, agroecosystems sustainability is mainly challenged by unsustainable agricultural practices that lead to land degradation and amplified climate change. About 25% of the World's total land area has deteriorated due to improper agricultural land management, resulting in ~24 billion tonnes of annual soil loss. Globally, soil erosion, mainly caused by high‐frequency tilling, crop residue removal or burning, poor pasture management, and inefficient crop rotations, is responsible for >40% of total land deterioration problems. Conservation agriculture (CA) seeks minimum soil disturbance, permanent soil cover, and crop rotation, which are indispensable for soil fertility restoration, carbon stabilization, increased soil biodiversity, and sustainable food production. In the last decades, the global annual adoption rate of CA was 7 M ha yr −1 . CA‐based soil and crop management practices enhanced water productivity, soil organic carbon, crop productivity, and energy use efficiency by 18%–66%, 12%–93%, 3.8%–76.2%, and 8.9%–40.2%, respectively, over conventional practices under diverse agroecosystems in India. Hence, adopting CA can avert/minimize the problem of land degradation and food insecurity by improving crop productivity and decreasing soil erosion, energy use, and carbon emission, besides maintaining soil physicochemical and biological health. Moreover, CA can be a sustainable way to ensure global food demand, achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs), and restore soil health, and multiple agroecosystem services. This study aims to provide in‐depth insights into the role of CA in restoring agroecosystem services, attaining SDGs, and ensuring global food security.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.4677Test

المؤلفون: Gupta, Sachin, Ramam, M., Sharma, V. K., Sethuraman, G., Pandey, R. M., Bhari, Neetu

المصدر: Pediatric Dermatology ; volume 40, issue 4, page 627-632 ; ISSN 0736-8046 1525-1470

الوصف: Background Moisturizers are first‐line therapy for treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). Although there are multiple types of moisturizers available, head‐to‐head trials between different moisturizers are limited. Objective To evaluate if a paraffin‐based moisturizer is as effective as ceramide‐based moisturizer in children with AD. Materials and Methods In this double‐blind, randomized comparative trial of pediatric patients with mild to moderate AD, subjects applied either a paraffin‐based or ceramide‐based moisturizer twice daily. Clinical disease activity using SCOring Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD), quality of life using Children/Infants Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI/IDLQI), and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) were measured at baseline and at follow‐up at 1, 3, and 6 months. Results Fifty‐three patients were recruited (27 ceramide group and 26 paraffin group) with a mean age of 8.2 years and mean disease duration of 60 months. The mean change in SCORAD at 3 months in the ceramide‐based and paraffin‐based moisturizer groups was 22.1 and 21.4, respectively ( p = .37). The change in CDLQI/IDLQI, TEWL over forearm and back, amount and days of topical corticosteroid required, median time to remission and disease‐free days at 3 months were similar in both groups. As the 95% confidence interval (CI) of mean change in SCORAD at 3 months in both groups (0.78, 95% CI: −7.21 to 7.52) was not within the predefined margin of equivalence (−4 to +4), the conclusion of equivalence could not be proven. Conclusion Both the paraffin‐based and ceramide‐based moisturizers were comparable in improving the disease activity in children with mild to moderate AD.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1111/pde.15355Test

المؤلفون: Tsivgoulis, G., Goyal, N., Katsanos, A. H., Malhotra, K., Ishfaq, M. F., Pandhi, A., Frohler, M. T., Spiotta, A. M., Anadani, M., Psychogios, M., Maus, V., Siddiqui, A., Waqas, M., Schellinger, P. D., Groen, M., Krogias, C., Richter, D., Saqqur, M., Garcia‐Bermejo, P., Mokin, M., Leker, R., Cohen, J. E., Magoufis, G., Psychogios, K., Lioutas, V. A., Van Nostrand, M., Sharma, V. K., Paciaroni, M., Rentzos, A., Shoirah, H., Mocco, J., Nickele, C., Mitsias, P. D., Inoa, V., Hoit, D., Elijovich, L., Arthur, A. S., Alexandrov, A. V.

المصدر: European Journal of Neurology ; volume 27, issue 6, page 1039-1047 ; ISSN 1351-5101 1468-1331

الوصف: Background and purpose We investigated the effectiveness of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients with large vessel or distal occlusions and mild neurological deficits, defined as National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores < 6 points. Methods The primary efficacy outcome was 3‐month functional independence (FI) [modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores 0–2] that was compared between patients with and without IVT treatment. Other efficacy outcomes of interest included 3‐month favorable functional outcome (mRS scores 0–1) and mRS score distribution at discharge and at 3 months. The safety outcomes comprised all‐cause 3‐month mortality, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), asymptomatic ICH and severe systemic bleeding. Results We evaluated 336 AIS patients with large vessel or distal occlusions and mild stroke severity (mean age 63 ± 15 years, 45% women). Patients treated with IVT ( n = 162) had higher FI (85.6% vs. 74.8%, P = 0.027) with lower mRS scores at hospital discharge ( P = 0.034) compared with the remaining patients. No differences were detected in any of the safety outcomes including symptomatic ICH, asymptomatic ICH, severe systemic bleeding and 3‐month mortality. IVT was associated with higher likelihood of 3‐month FI [odds ratio (OR), 2.19; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.09–4.42], 3‐month favorable functional outcome (OR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.10–3.57), functional improvement at discharge [common OR (per 1‐point decrease in mRS score), 2.94; 95% CI, 1.67–5.26)] and at 3 months (common OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.06–2.86) on multivariable logistic regression models adjusting for potential confounders, including mechanical thrombectomy. Conclusions Intravenous thrombolysis is independently associated with higher odds of improved discharge and 3‐month functional outcomes in AIS patients with large vessel or distal occlusions and mild stroke severity. IVT appears not to increase the risk of systemic or symptomatic intracranial bleeding.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14199Test

المؤلفون: Paliwal, P., Sinha, A. K., Sharma, V. K.

المساهمون: National Medical Research Council

المصدر: European Journal of Neurology ; volume 27, issue 11, page 2371-2372 ; ISSN 1351-5101 1468-1331

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14459Test

المؤلفون: Katsanos, A. H., Alexandrov, A. V., Mandava, P., Köhrmann, M., Soinne, L., Barreto, A. D., Sharma, V. K., Mikulik, R., Muir, K. W., Rothlisberger, T., Grotta, J. C., Levi, C. R., Molina, C. A., Saqqur, M., Palaiodimou, L., Psaltopoulou, T., Vosko, M. R., Moreira, T., Fiebach, J. B., Rubiera, M., Sandset, E. C., de Havenon, A., Kent, T. A., Alexandrov, A. W., Schellinger, P. D., Tsivgoulis, G.

المصدر: European Journal of Neurology ; volume 27, issue 12, page 2453-2462 ; ISSN 1351-5101 1468-1331

الوصف: Background and purpose Blood pressure (BP) variability has been associated with worse neurological outcomes in acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) patients receiving treatment with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). However, no study to date has investigated whether pulse pressure (PP) variability may be a superior indicator of the total cardiovascular risk, as measured by clinical outcomes. Methods Pulse pressure variability was calculated from 24‐h PP measurements following tissue plasminogen activator bolus in AIS patients enrolled in the Combined Lysis of Thrombus using Ultrasound and Systemic Tissue Plasminogen Activator for Emergent Revascularization (CLOTBUST‐ER) trial. The outcomes of interest were the pre‐specified efficacy and safety end‐points of CLOTBUST‐ER. All associations were adjusted for potential confounders in multivariable regression models. Results Data from 674 participants was analyzed. PP variability was identified as the BP parameter with the most parsimonious fit in multivariable models of all outcomes, and was independently associated ( P < 0.001) with lower likelihood of both 24‐h neurological improvement and 90‐day independent functional outcome. PP variability was also independently related to increased odds of any intracranial bleeding ( P = 0.011) and 90‐day mortality ( P < 0.001). Every 5‐mmHg increase in the 24‐h PP variability was independently associated with a 36% decrease in the likelihood of 90‐day independent functional outcome (adjusted odds ratio 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.52–0.80) and a 60% increase in the odds of 90‐day mortality (adjusted odds ratio 1.60, 95% confidence interval 1.23–2.07). PP variability was not associated with symptomatic intracranial bleeding at either 24 or 36 h after IVT administration. Conclusions Increased PP variability appears to be independently associated with adverse short‐term and long‐term functional outcomes of AIS patients treated with IVT.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.14447Test

المؤلفون: Leontiadis, G. I., Sharma, V. K., Howden, C. W.

المصدر: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics ; volume 21, issue 9, page 1055-1061 ; ISSN 0269-2813 1365-2036

الوصف: Summary Background : Proton‐pump inhibitors reduce re‐bleeding rates after ulcer bleeding. However, there is significant heterogeneity among different randomized‐controlled trials. Aim : To see whether proton‐pump inhibitors for ulcer bleeding produced different clinical outcomes in different geographical locations. Methods : This was a post hoc analysis of our Cochrane Collaboration systematic review and meta‐analysis of proton‐pump inhibitor therapy for ulcer bleeding. Sixteen randomized‐controlled trials conducted in Europe and North America were pooled and re‐analysed separately from seven conducted in Asia. We calculated pooled rates for 30‐day all‐cause mortality, re‐bleeding and surgical intervention and derived odds ratios and numbers needed to treat with 95% confidence intervals. Results : There was no significant heterogeneity for any outcome. Reduced all‐cause mortality was seen in the Asian randomized‐controlled trials (odds ratios = 0.35; 95% confidence interval: 0.16–0.74; number needed to treat = 33), but not in the others (odds ratios = 1.36; 95% confidence interval: 0.94–1.96; number needed to treat – incalculable). There were significant reductions in re‐bleeding and surgery in both sets of randomized‐controlled trials, but the effects were quantitatively greater in Asia. Conclusions : Proton‐pump inhibitor therapy for ulcer bleeding has been more efficacious in Asia than elsewhere. This may be because of an enhanced pharmacodynamic effect of proton‐pump inhibitors in Asian patients.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02441.xTest

المؤلفون: Levine, J. E., Leontiadis, G. I., Sharma, V. K., Howden, C. W.

المصدر: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics ; volume 16, issue 6, page 1137-1142 ; ISSN 0269-2813 1365-2036

الوصف: Summary Background : Although a previous meta‐analysis found that intravenous H 2 ‐receptor antagonists were only weakly beneficial in bleeding gastric ulcer and of no benefit in bleeding duodenal ulcer, patients with ulcer bleeding continue to receive such treatment. Aim : To re‐evaluate the efficacy of intravenous H 2 ‐receptor antagonists in ulcer re‐bleeding, surgery and mortality by updating the previous meta‐analysis. Methods : After two independent literature searches, randomized, placebo‐controlled trials of intravenous H 2 ‐receptor antagonists in bleeding ulcer published between 1984 and 2000 were added to those from the initial meta‐analysis. Pooled rates of re‐bleeding, surgery and death were re‐calculated, together with the relative risk reduction, absolute risk reduction, number needed to treat and Mantel–Haenszel odds ratio. Results : Intravenous H 2 ‐receptor antagonists did not significantly reduce re‐bleeding, surgery or death in bleeding duodenal ulcer. There were small but significant reductions in re‐bleeding, surgery and death in bleeding gastric ulcer; the absolute risk reductions were 7.2%, 6.7% and 3.2%, respectively. Conclusions : Intravenous H 2 ‐receptor antagonists are of no value in bleeding duodenal ulcer, although they may be mildly beneficial in bleeding gastric ulcer. Because proton pump inhibitors have a greater inhibitory effect on gastric acid secretion than H 2 ‐receptor antagonists, they may be more effective in ulcer bleeding and should be further evaluated for that indication.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01274.xTest

المؤلفون: Täubel, J. J., Sharma, V. K., Chiu, Y. L., Lukasik, N. L., Pilmer, B. L., Pan, W. J.

المصدر: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics ; volume 15, issue 11, page 1807-1817 ; ISSN 0269-2813 1365-2036

الوصف: Aim: To compare the 24‐h intragastric pH effects of simplified lansoprazole suspension, 30 mg, administered nasogastrically, with pantoprazole, 40 mg, administered intravenously. Methods: Thirty‐six healthy adults were enrolled and given simplified lansoprazole suspension, 30 mg (nasogastrically), or pantoprazole, 40 mg (intravenously), once daily for five consecutive days in a cross‐over fashion. Intragastric pH was monitored at baseline and on Days 1 and 5 of each treatment period. The pharmacokinetic parameters of lansoprazole and pantoprazole were also determined on Days 1 and 5. Results: No statistically significant changes in pharmacokinetic parameters occurred between Days 1 and 5 with either regimen, except for pantoprazole C max . On Days 1 and 5, significantly higher mean 24‐h intragastric pH values were observed with 30 mg simplified lansoprazole suspension compared with 40 mg intravenous pantoprazole (Day 1, 3.13 vs. 2.67; Day 5, 3.95 vs. 3.61, respectively; P < 0.05). Additionally, 30 mg simplified lansoprazole suspension produced significantly ( P < 0.05) higher percentages of time intragastric pH was above 3, 4, 5 or 6 as compared with 40 mg intravenous pantoprazole throughout Days 1 and 5. Conclusions: A 30 mg dose of simplified lansoprazole suspension administered nasogastrically was consistently more effective at controlling intragastric pH than pantoprazole, 40 mg, administered intravenously.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.01098.xTest

المؤلفون: Sharma, V. K., Leontiadis, G. I., Howden, C. W.

المصدر: Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics ; volume 15, issue 2, page 227-231 ; ISSN 0269-2813 1365-2036

الوصف: Background: Omeprazole and lansoprazole are used to treat erosive oesophagitis in the respective daily doses of 20 and 30 mg. Aim: To investigate, by meta‐analysis, whether treatment with lansoprazole 30 mg increases erosive oesophagitis healing rates over omeprazole 20 mg. Methods: We searched for randomized, double‐blind trials comparing omeprazole 20 mg and lansoprazole 30 mg in endoscopically diagnosed erosive oesophagitis. After assessing for homogeneity, non‐heterogeneous trials were combined and pooled healing rates derived. We calculated the relative benefit increase, absolute benefit increase and number needed to treat. Results: Six trials without significant heterogeneity met predetermined inclusion criteria. By per protocol analysis, pooled healing rates for omeprazole 20 mg and lansoprazole 30 mg were, respectively, 74.7% and 77.7% after 4 weeks and 87.0% and 88.7% after 8 weeks. The corresponding figures by intention‐to‐treat analysis were 70.8% and 72.7% after 4 weeks and 81.8% and 83.3% after 8 weeks. In each analysis the absolute benefit increase for lansoprazole was small and its 95% confidence interval encompassed zero. Conclusion: Lansoprazole 30 mg produces healing rates in erosive oesophagitis that are not statistically significantly different to those of omeprazole 20 mg.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2001.00904.xTest

المؤلفون: Sharma, R. K., Lohia, S., Sharma, V. K., Kandpal, P. C., Balani, K.

المساهمون: Department of Science and Technology, Government of Kerala

المصدر: Journal of Applied Polymer Science ; volume 136, issue 4 ; ISSN 0021-8995 1097-4628

الوصف: Polypropylene is used in the textile industry in the manufacturing of plastic yarns, tapes, etc., but its low tensile strength and Young's modulus limits its associated applications. Composites of polypropylene with reinforcement of CaCO 3 and rice husk ash were processed by compression molding. Bimodal porosity in rice husk ash particles has shown an improved interfacial anchoring effect via capillary effect resulting in enhanced mechanical properties, whereas such an effect is not observed with CaCO 3 reinforcement in polypropylene matrix. On reinforcement with 10 wt % of each of rice husk ash and CaCO 3 , thermal decomposition temperature of polypropylene (333.3 °C) shifted to higher value of 415.9 °C and polypropylene Young's modulus (749.5 MPa) increased to 789.5 MPa (by 5.3%), but tensile strength decreased from 23.5 to 21.2 MPa (by 2.3 MPa only). The isolated contribution of CaCO 3 and rice husk ash has been delineated, and resulting interfacial strengths have been quantified using analytical models. Rice husk ash has shown a stronger interfacial anchoring and can effectively replace CaCO 3 as reinforcement for achieving improved mechanical and thermal properties of polypropylene composites. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136 , 46989.

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1002/app.46989Test