المؤلفون: Fisher, M. G., Masters, W. A., Sidibe, M.

المساهمون: Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management (SANREM) Knowledgebase

مصطلحات موضوعية: Economic analyses, Modeling, Food strategy, Agriculture, Rice, Senegal, Senegal river valley, Double cropping, Technical change, Cost-benefit analysis, Improved varieties, Partial equilibrium model, Farm/Enterprise Scale

جغرافية الموضوع: Sénégal

الوقت: 1995 - 2004

الوصف: Metadata only record ; This paper addresses the prospects for technical change in the irrigated rice sector of Senegal, and measures ex-ante the economic returns to recent research efforts. In 1994, three new rice varieties were released to farmers in the Senegal River Valley (SRV), the major irrigated rice region in Senegal. The productivity advantage of the new varieties is based primarily on early maturity, which permits double-cropping. (The seeds are also higher yielding than existing cultivars.) We use a conventional [Akino and Hayami (1975), Am. J. Agric. Econ. 57, 1-10] partial-equilibrium model adapted to the Senegalese situation, to assess the social benefits of research and compare those to its costs in calculating the internal rate of return (IRR). To account for uncertainty regarding the future values of model variables we use simulation which allows us to generate a distribution of all possible outcomes of the IRR. We find that rice research is almost certain to have a very high payoff over the 1995-2004 period. The expected value of the IRR is calculated to be 121% per year, with a 97.5% probability that it lies above annual capital costs of 18%. --Elsevier/Author's abstract

وصف الملف: text/plain

العلاقة: 1118; Agricultural Economics 24(2): 179-197; http://hdl.handle.net/10919/65954Test; https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5150Test(00)00061-X

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-5150Test(00)00061-X
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/65954Test

المؤلفون: Costanza, R., d'Arge, R., de Groot, R., Farber, Stephen, Grasso, M., Hannon, B., Limburg, K., Naeem, S., O'Neill, R. V., Paruelo, J., Raskin, R. G., Sutton, P., van den Belt, M.

المساهمون: Sustainable Agriculture and Natural Resource Management (SANREM) Knowledgebase

مصطلحات موضوعية: Ecosystem, Economic analyses, Payments for environmental services, Environmental impacts, Environmental services, Modeling, Economic modeling and analysis, Economic impacts, PES, Life-support systems, Human welfare, Ecosystem functions, Natural capital stocks, Willingness to pay, Partial equilibrium model

الوصف: Metadata only record ; The services of ecological systems and the natural capital stocks that produce them are critical to the functioning of the Earth''s life-support system. They contribute to human welfare, both directly and indirectly, and therefore represent part of the total economic value of the planet. We have estimated the current economic value of 17 ecosystem services for 16 biomes, based on published studies and a few original calculations. For the entire biosphere, the value (most of which is outside the market) is estimated to be in the range of US$16-54 trillion per year, with an average of US$33 trillion per year. Because of the nature of the uncertainties, this must be considered a minimum estimate. Global gross national product total is around US $18 trillion per year. ; PES-1 (Payments for Environmental Services Associate Award)

وصف الملف: text/plain

العلاقة: 3353; 1355; Nature 387(6630): 253-260; http://hdl.handle.net/10919/67454Test; https://doi.org/10.1038/387253a0Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1038/387253a0Test
http://hdl.handle.net/10919/67454Test

المؤلفون: Weeks, Heather Ashley

المساهمون: Agricultural and Applied Economics, Grant, Jason H., Marchant, Mary A., Norton, George W., Peterson, Everett B.

مصطلحات موضوعية: soybean, partial equilibrium, Doha Development Agenda, SSM, special safeguard mechanism

الوصف: The agricultural negotiations in the World Trade Organization's (WTO) Doha Development Agenda (DDA) are calling for a specific Special Safeguard Mechanism (SSM) for developing countries that will protect agricultural producers from import surges or price declines, and could potentially add stability to domestic markets. While most of the parameters of this SSM have been decided upon, the DDA negotiations faltered on the issue of whether or not developing nations should be allowed to exceed their pre-Doha bound tariff rates when invoking the SSM. For developing countries, tariffs on agricultural products are an important policy tool to support domestic prices and protect their smallholder producers from global market shifts. Tariffs, however, distort world prices and create global welfare losses. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the impacts of the SSM on global prices and welfare using a non-spatial, synthetic, stochastic, global, partial equilibrium model of the world soybean market. The SSM is assessed in concert with the currently proposed DDA tariff cutting formulas since the additional duties allowed under the SSM are proportional to prevailing bound tariff levels. This study asserts that the SSM actually decreases global price and welfare stability, decreasing world prices of the commodities on which an SSM is placed, though positively affects tariff revenues for those particular commodities. While the SSM may offer a short-term solution for developing countries, its long-term outlook as a price stabilization tool is a not credible argument. ; Master of Science

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: Weeks_HA_T_2011.pdf; etd-04292011-144242; http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32037Test; http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-04292011-144242Test/

الإتاحة: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32037Test
http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-04292011-144242Test/

المؤلفون: Bakshi, Nishita

المساهمون: Agricultural and Applied Economics, Hilmer, Michael, Orden, David R., Peterson, Everett B.

مصطلحات موضوعية: avocados, partial equilibrium trade model, Sanitary and Phytosanitary issues

الوصف: This thesis examines the effects on demand, supply, imports, and prices of partial easing of sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) barriers to trade in the U.S. market in the case of Mexican avocados. The SPS Agreement plays a role in the avocado market studied here through its implications for negotiations between countries that have not utilized the formal channels of the WTO for resolving disputes. A quarantine in place from 1914 until very recently banned entry of Mexican avocados into the U.S. market on grounds of risk of pest infestation. Since the early 1970s this quarantine has been a cause of dispute between the Mexican and U.S. governments, resulting in elaborate evaluations of possible pest risks and risk mitigation procedures that might be carried out. However, after the initiation of negotiations for the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1991, the import ban was partially eased in 1995 allowing Mexico access to the Northeastern part of the U.S. during four winter months. After three years of successfully exporting without any pest outbreaks, Mexico requested increased access to an additional part of the U.S. market, which it was granted in 2001. This study develops a partial equilibrium trade model to investigate the effects that this increased access will have on the avocados markets. Hypothesized further increases in access are described, and their potential effects are evaluated as well. ; Master of Science

وصف الملف: application/pdf

العلاقة: thesis.pdf; etd-07212003-164121; http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34097Test; http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07212003-164121Test/

الإتاحة: http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34097Test
http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07212003-164121Test/