دورية أكاديمية
Effects of Calcium, Vitamin D, and Hormone Therapy on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Women's Health Initiative: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
| العنوان: | Effects of Calcium, Vitamin D, and Hormone Therapy on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Women's Health Initiative: A Randomized Controlled Trial. |
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| المؤلفون: | Schnatz, Peter F, Jiang, Xuezhi, Aragaki, Aaron K, Nudy, Matthew, OʼSullivan, David M, Williams, Mark, LeBlanc, Erin S, Martin, Lisa W, Manson, JoAnn E, Shikany, James M, Johnson, Karen C, Stefanick, Marcia L, Payne, Martha E, Cauley, Jane A, Howard, Barbara V, Robbins, John |
| المصدر: | Reading Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency |
| بيانات النشر: | Scholar Commons @ Tower Health |
| سنة النشر: | 2017 |
| المجموعة: | Scholar Commons @ Tower Health |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Aged, Calcium Carbonate, Calcium, Dietary, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cholecalciferol, Cholesterol, LDL, Dietary Supplements, Double-Blind Method, Drug Synergism, Drug Therapy, Combination, Estrogen Replacement Therapy, Estrogens, Conjugated (USP), Female, Humans, Medroxyprogesterone Acetate, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Vitamins, Women's Health, Obstetrics and Gynecology |
| الوصف: | OBJECTIVE: To analyze the treatment effect of calcium+vitamin D supplementation, hormone therapy, both, and neither on cardiovascular disease risk factors. METHODS: We conducted a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial among Women's Health Initiative (WHI) participants. The predefined primary outcome was low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). RESULTS: Between September 1993 and October 1998, a total of 68,132 women aged 50-79 years were recruited and randomized to the WHI-Dietary Modification (n=48,835) and WHI-Hormone Therapy trials (n=27,347). Subsequently, 36,282 women from WHI-Hormone Therapy (16,089) and WHI-Dietary Modification (n=25,210) trials were randomized in the WHI-Calcium+Vitamin D trial to 1,000 mg elemental calcium carbonate plus 400 international units vitamin D3 daily or placebo. Our study group included 1,521 women who participated in both the hormone therapy and calcium+vitamin D trials and were in the 6% subsample of trial participants with blood sample collections at baseline and years 1, 3, and 6. The average treatment effect with 95% confidence interval, for LDL-C, compared with placebo, was -1.6, (95% confidence interval [CI] -5.5 to 2.2) mg/dL for calcium+vitamin D alone, -9.0 (95% CI -13.0 to -5.1) mg/dL for hormone therapy alone, and -13.8 (95% CI -17.8 to -9.8) mg/dL for the combination. There was no evidence of a synergistic effect of calcium+vitamin D+hormone therapy on LDL-C (P value for interaction=.26) except in those with low total intakes of vitamin D, for whom there was a significant synergistic effect on LDL (P value for interaction=.03). CONCLUSION: Reductions in LDL-C were greater among women randomized to both calcium+vitamin D and hormone therapy than for those randomized to either intervention alone or to placebo. The treatment effect observed in the calcium+vitamin D+hormone therapy combination group may be additive rather than synergistic. For clinicians and patients deciding to begin calcium+vitamin D supplementation, current use of ... |
| نوع الوثيقة: | text |
| اللغة: | unknown |
| العلاقة: | https://scholarcommons.towerhealth.org/gme_ob_gyn_res_read/215Test; https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5177479Test/ |
| الإتاحة: | https://scholarcommons.towerhealth.org/gme_ob_gyn_res_read/215Test https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5177479Test/ |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsbas.980FD548 |
| قاعدة البيانات: | BASE |
| الوصف غير متاح. |