المؤلفون: Maria Luce Bartucca, Martina Cerri, Cinzia Forni

المصدر: Plants; Volume 12; Issue 13; Pages: 2462

مصطلحات موضوعية: n/a

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: Environmental pollution is a global issue since it is spreading worldwide, affecting entire ecosystems [.]

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العلاقة: Plant–Soil Interactions; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12132462Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12132462Test

المؤلفون: Ilaria Borromeo, Fabio Domenici, Maddalena Del Gallo, Cinzia Forni

المصدر: Plants; Volume 12; Issue 9; Pages: 1855

مصطلحات موضوعية: acclimation, polyamines, saline water, seed priming, tomato

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: Plants irrigated with saline solutions undergo osmotic and oxidative stresses, which affect their growth, photosynthetic activity and yield. Therefore, the use of saline water for irrigation, in addition to the increasing soil salinity, is one of the major threats to crop productivity worldwide. Plant tolerance to stressful conditions can be improved using different strategies, i.e., seed priming and acclimation, which elicit morphological and biochemical responses to overcome stress. In this work, we evaluated the combined effect of priming and acclimation on salt stress response of a tomato cultivar (Solanum lycopersicum L.), very sensitive to salinity. Chemical priming of seeds was performed by treating seeds with polyamines (PAs): 2.5 mM putrescine (PUT), 2.5 mM spermine (SPM) and 2.5 mM spermidine (SPD). Germinated seeds of primed and non-primed (controls) were sown in non-saline soil. The acclimation consisted of irrigating the seedlings for 2 weeks with tap water, followed by irrigation with saline and non-saline water for 4 weeks. At the end of the growth period, morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters were determined. The positive effects of combined treatments were evident, when primed plants were compared to non-primed, grown under the same conditions. Priming with PAs improved tolerance to salt stress, reduced the negative effects of salinity on growth, improved membrane integrity, and increased photosynthetic pigments, proline and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant responses in all salt-exposed plants. These results may open new perspectives and strategies to increase tolerance to salt stress in sensitive species, such as tomato.

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العلاقة: Plant Response to Abiotic Stress and Climate Change; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12091855Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants12091855Test

المؤلفون: Maria Luce Bartucca, Martina Cerri, Daniele Del Buono, Cinzia Forni

المصدر: Plants; Volume 11; Issue 15; Pages: 1946

مصطلحات موضوعية: biostimulants, phytoremediation, pollutants, plant stress

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: Environmental pollution is one of the most pressing global issues, and it requires priority attention. Environmental remediation techniques have been developed over the years and can be applied to polluted sites, but they can have limited effectiveness and high energy consumption and costs. Bioremediation techniques, on the other hand, represent a promising alternative. Among them, phytoremediation is attracting particular attention, a green methodology that relies on the use of plant species to remediate contaminated sites or prevent the dispersion of xenobiotics into the environment. In this review, after a brief introduction focused on pollution and phytoremediation, the use of plant biostimulants (PBs) in the improvement of the remediation effectiveness is proposed. PBs are substances widely used in agriculture to raise crop production and resistance to various types of stress. Recent studies have also documented their ability to counteract the deleterious effects of pollutants on plants, thus increasing the phytoremediation efficiency of some species. The works published to date, reviewed and discussed in the present work, reveal promising prospects in the remediation of polluted environments, especially for heavy metals, when PBs derived from humic substances, protein and amino acid hydrolysate, inorganic salts, microbes, seaweed, plant extracts, and fungi are employed.

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العلاقة: Plant–Soil Interactions; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11151946Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11151946Test

المؤلفون: Massimiliano Rossi, Ilaria Borromeo, Concetta Capo, Bernard R. Glick, Maddalena Del Gallo, Fabrizio Pietrini, Cinzia Forni

المصدر: Applied Sciences; Volume 11; Issue 23; Pages: 11442

مصطلحات موضوعية: Brassica napus, PGPB, salt stress, photosynthesis, oxidative stress

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: Soil salinization, one of the most common causes of soil degradation, negatively affects plant growth, reproduction, and yield in plants. Saline conditions elicit some physiological changes to cope with the imposed osmotic and oxidative stresses. Inoculation of plants with some bacterial species that stimulate their growth, i.e., plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), may help plants to counteract saline stress, thus improving the plant’s fitness. This manuscript reports the effects of the inoculation of a salt-sensitive cultivar of Brassica napus (canola) with five different PGPB species (separately), i.e., Azospirillum brasilense, Arthrobacter globiformis, Burkholderia ambifaria, Herbaspirillum seropedicae, and Pseudomonas sp. on plant salt stress physiological responses. The seeds were sown in saline soil (8 dS/m) and inoculated with bacterial suspensions. Seedlings were grown to the phenological stage of rosetta, when morphological and physiological features were determined. In the presence of the above-mentioned PGPB, salt exposed canola plants grew better than non-inoculated controls. The water loss was reduced in inoculated plants under saline conditions, due to a low level of membrane damage and the enhanced synthesis of the osmolyte proline, the latter depending on the bacterial strain inoculated. The reduction in membrane damage was also due to the increased antioxidant activity (i.e., higher amount of phenolic compounds, enhanced superoxide dismutase, and ascorbate peroxidase activities) in salt-stressed and inoculated Brassica napus. Furthermore, the salt-stressed and inoculated plants did not show detrimental effects to their photosynthetic apparatus, i.e., higher efficiency of PSII and low energy dissipation by heat for photosynthesis were detected. The improvement of the response to salt stress provided by PGPB paves the way to further use of PGPB as inoculants of plants grown in saline soils.

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العلاقة: Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112311442Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/app112311442Test

المؤلفون: Cinzia Forni, Massimiliano Rossi, Ilaria Borromeo, Giordana Feriotto, Giovambattista Platamone, Claudio Tabolacci, Carlo Mischiati, Simone Beninati

المصدر: Molecules; Volume 26; Issue 12; Pages: 3583

مصطلحات موضوعية: flavonoids, cancer, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis/autophagy, metastasis, angiogenesis

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: Nutraceuticals are biologically active molecules present in foods; they can have beneficial effects on health, but they are not available in large enough quantities to perform this function. Plant metabolites, such as polyphenols, are widely diffused in the plant kingdom, where they play fundamental roles in plant development and interactions with the environment. Among these, flavonoids are of particular interest as they have significant effects on human health. In vitro and/or in vivo studies described flavonoids as essential nutrients for preventing several diseases. They display broad and promising bioactivities to fight cancer, inflammation, bacterial infections, as well as to reduce the severity of neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases or diabetes. Therefore, it is not surprising that interest in flavonoids has sharply increased in recent years. More than 23,000 scientific publications on flavonoids have described the potential anticancer activity of these natural molecules in the last decade. Studies, in vitro and in vivo, show that flavonoids exhibit anticancer properties, and many epidemiological studies confirm that dietary intake of flavonoids leads to a reduced risk of cancer. This review provides a glimpse of the mechanisms of action of flavonoids on cancer cells.

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العلاقة: Bioorganic Chemistry; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123583Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123583Test

المؤلفون: Rihab Djebaili, Marika Pellegrini, Massimiliano Rossi, Cinzia Forni, Maria Smati, Maddalena Del Gallo, Mahmoud Kitouni

المصدر: Soil Systems; Volume 5; Issue 2; Pages: 26

مصطلحات موضوعية: PGPB, actinomycetes, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase, durum wheat, salt stress, halotolerance

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: This study aimed to characterize the halotolerant capability, in vitro, of selected actinomycetes strains and to evaluate their competence in promoting halo stress tolerance in durum wheat in a greenhouse experiment. Fourteen isolates were tested for phosphate solubilization, indole acetic acid, hydrocyanic acid, and ammonia production under different salt concentrations (i.e., 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, and 1.5 M NaCl). The presence of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity was also investigated. Salinity tolerance was evaluated in durum wheat through plant growth and development parameters: shoot and root length, dry and ash-free dry weight, and the total chlorophyll content, as well as proline accumulation. In vitro assays have shown that the strains can solubilize inorganic phosphate and produce indole acetic acid, hydrocyanic acid, and ammonia under different salt concentrations. Most of the strains (86%) had 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity, with significant amounts of α-ketobutyric acid. In the greenhouse experiment, inoculation with actinomycetes strains improved the morpho-biochemical parameters of durum wheat plants, which also recorded significantly higher content of chlorophylls and proline than those uninoculated, both under normal and stressed conditions. Our results suggest that inoculation of halotolerant actinomycetes can mitigate the negative effects of salt stress and allow normal growth and development of durum wheat plants.

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العلاقة: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems5020026Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems5020026Test

المؤلفون: Marika Pellegrini, Giancarlo Pagnani, Massimiliano Rossi, Sara D’Egidio, Maddalena Del Gallo, Cinzia Forni

المصدر: Applied Sciences; Volume 11; Issue 7; Pages: 3274

مصطلحات موضوعية: Azospirillum brasilense, Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, Herbaspirillum seropedicae, Burkholderia ambifaria, Daucus carota, microbial inoculation, soil biodiversity, auxins, phosphate solubilization, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: The present work aimed to study suitability of a consortium of Azospirillum brasilense, Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, Herbaspirillum seropedicae, and Burkholderia ambifaria as biofertilizers. Strains were assayed for plant growth-promoting characteristics (i.e., auxins production, phosphate solubilizing capability, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity). The consortium of four bacteria was then inoculated on carrot seeds and tested in an open field experiment. During the open field experiment, plant growth (morphological parameters, chlorophylls, and carotenoids), soil chemical analysis, and molecular and physiological profiles of soils were investigated. Each strain produced different amounts of indole-3acetic acid and several indole-derivates molecules. All strains showed phosphate solubilization capability, while 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity was only detected in H. seropedicae and B. ambifaria. The bacterial consortium of the four strains gave interesting results in the open field cultivation of carrot. Plant development was positively affected by the presence of the consortium, as was soil fertility and microbial community structure and diversity. The present work allowed for deepening our knowledge on four bacteria, already known for years for having several interesting characteristics, but whose interactions were almost unknown, particularly in view of their use as a consortium in a valid fertilization strategy, in substitution of agrochemicals for a sustainable agriculture.

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العلاقة: Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073274Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/app11073274Test

المؤلفون: Panaiotis M. Stassinos, Massimiliano Rossi, Ilaria Borromeo, Concetta Capo, Simone Beninati, Cinzia Forni

المصدر: Plants; Volume 10; Issue 2; Pages: 403

مصطلحات موضوعية: seed priming, spermidine, rapeseed, salt stress, antioxidant activities, proline

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: Plants grown in saline soils undergo osmotic and oxidative stresses, affecting growth and photosynthesis and, consequently, the yield. Therefore, the increase in soil salinity is a major threat to crop productivity worldwide. Plant’s tolerance can be ameliorated by applying simple methods that induce them to adopt morphological and physiological adjustments to counteract stress. In this work, we evaluated the effects of seed priming on salt stress response in three cultivars of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) that had different tolerance levels. Seed chemical priming was performed with 2.5 mM spermine (SPM), 5 mM spermidine (SPD), 40 mM NaCl and 2.5 mM Ca (NO3)2. Primed and not primed seeds were sown on saline and not saline (controls) media, and morphological and physiological parameters were determined. Since SPD treatment was effective in reducing salinity negative effects on growth, membrane integrity and photosynthetic pigments, we selected this priming to further investigate plant salt stress response. The positive effects of this seed treatment on growth and physiological responses were evident when primed plants were compared to not primed ones, grown under the same saline conditions. SPD priming ameliorated the tolerance towards saline stress, in a genotype-independent manner, by increasing photosynthetic pigments, proline amounts and antioxidant responses in all cultivars exposed to salt. These results may open new perspectives for crop productivity in the struggle against soil salinization.

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العلاقة: Plant Response to Abiotic Stress and Climate Change; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10020403Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10020403Test

المؤلفون: Carlo Mischiati, Giordana Feriotto, Claudio Tabolacci, Fabio Domenici, Sonia Melino, Ilaria Borromeo, Cinzia Forni, Angelo De Martino, Simone Beninati

المصدر: International Journal of Molecular Sciences; Volume 21; Issue 15; Pages: 5427

مصطلحات موضوعية: rabbit eye lens, cataract, TG2, spermidine, FAD-PAO, protein post-translation modification

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: In an in vitro Ca2+-induced cataract model, the progression of opacification is paralleled by a rapid decrease of the endogenous levels of spermidine (SPD) and an increase of transglutaminase type 2 (TG2, EC 2.3.2.13)-catalyzed lens crystallins cross-linking by protein-bound N1-N8-bis(γ-glutamyl) SPD. This pattern was reversed adding exogenous SPD to the incubation resulting in a delayed loss of transparency of the rabbit lens. The present report shows evidence on the main incorporation of SPD by the catalytic activity of TG2, toward βH-crystallins and in particular to the βB2- and mostly in βB3-crystallins. The increase of endogenous SPD in the cultured rabbit lens showed the activation of a flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-dependent polyamine oxidases (PAO EC 1.5.3.11). As it is known that FAD-PAO degrades the N8-terminal reactive portion of N1-mono(γ-glutamyl) SPD, the protein-bound N8-mono(γ-glutamyl) SPD was found the mainly available derivative for the potential formation of βB3-crystallins cross-links by protein-bound N1-N8-bis(γ-glutamyl)SPD. In conclusion, FAD-PAO degradation of the N8-terminal reactive residue of the crystallins bound N1-mono(γ-glutamyl)SPD together with the increased concentration of exogenous SPD, leading to saturation of glutamine residues on the substrate proteins, drastically reduces N1-N8-bis(γ-glutamyl)SPD crosslinks formation, preventing crystallins polymerization and avoiding rabbit lens opacification. The ability of SPD and MDL 72527 to modulate the activities of TG2 and FAD-PAO involved in the mechanism of lens opacification suggests a potential strategy for the prevention of senile cataract.

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العلاقة: Molecular Pathology, Diagnostics, and Therapeutics; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155427Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21155427Test

المؤلفون: Simona Lucioli, Fabio Pastorino, Paolo Nota, Giulia Ballan, Andrea Frattarelli, Alessia Fabbri, Cinzia Forni, Emilia Caboni

المصدر: Molecules; Volume 24; Issue 9; Pages: 1738

مصطلحات موضوعية: plant in vitro culture, strawberry, furofurane, anticancer drugs

جغرافية الموضوع: agris

الوصف: Natural compounds are emerging as agents for the treatment of malignant diseases. We previously showed that extracts from in vitro cell suspension cultures of strawberry reduced murine melanoma cell proliferation, as shown for fruit extracts. In this work, chromatographic, mass spectrometric, and spectrophotometric analyses were carried out to identify the bioactive compound exerting the detected cytotoxic activity. Moreover, aiming to confirm the anti-proliferative activity of the extracts against both paediatric and adult human tumors, cytotoxic experiments were performed on neuroblastoma, colon, and cervix carcinoma cell lines. Extracts from in vitro cell suspension cultures of strawberry induced a statistically significant reduction of cell growth in all the tumor cell lines tested. Interestingly, human fibroblasts from healthy donors were not subjected to this cytotoxic effect, highlighting the importance of further preclinical investigations. The accurate mass measurement, fragmentation patterns, and characteristic mass spectra and mass losses, together with the differences in chromatographic retention times and absorbance spectra, led us to hypothesize that the compound acting as an anti-proliferative agent could be a novel acetal dihydrofurofuran derivative (C8H10O3, molecular mass 154.0630 amu)

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العلاقة: Medicinal Chemistry; https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24091738Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24091738Test