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1رسالة جامعية
المؤلفون: Andriuškevičiūtė, Evelina
المساهمون: Grigienė, Jurgita
مصطلحات موضوعية: Pharmaceutical repackaging, parallel import, free movement of goods
الوصف: One of the fundamental principles of European Union is free movement of goods, implemented in the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, Articles 26 and 28-37. This principle is secured through the elimination of customs duties and quantitative restrictions, and the prohibition of measures having an equivalent effect. Nowadays, attention is paid to any kind of barriers which prohibit free movement of goods. Parallel import is based on principle of free movement of goods. Parallel import in the area of pharmaceuticals is encouraged by price differences of pharmaceutical products between member states of European Union. Parallel importers can import pharmaceutical products after implementing packaging requirements, set by importing countries. Parallel importer has to modify packaging of pharmaceutical product in order to successfully put it on the market; usually these modifications are connected with language, because member states of European Union implement requirements for pharmaceutical product packaging language, enshrined in the Directive 2001/83/EB. According to this regulation, pharmaceutical products may enter the market only if the requirements for pharmaceutical product packaging are met by parallel importer. Product packaging has to contain certain information, which has also to be translated to certain language, and this cannot be achieved without modifying the product packaging. According to laws, which are meant to regulate trade mark rights, specifically Directive 2008/95/EC and national laws which implement provisions of this directive, the proprietor shall be entitled to prevent all third parties not having his consent from using the trade mark, not including some exceptions mentioned in the laws. However, free movement of goods must be protected and pharmaceutical products have to move across European Union; in order to do so, packaging of pharmaceutical products has to be modified by parallel importer, in order to comply with the national laws. From here, question whether the ...
وصف الملف: application/pdf
العلاقة: http://vdu.oai.elaba.lt/documents/15944266.pdfTest; http://vdu.lvb.lt/VDU:ELABAETD15944266&prefLang=en_USTest
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2رسالة جامعية
المؤلفون: Baltuška, Tadas
المساهمون: Čerka, Paulius
مصطلحات موضوعية: medicinal product, parallel import, trade mark, owner
الوصف: This work analyse parallel importers and trade mark owners rights during relabeling or repackaging by parallel importer. European Court of Justice cases are widely used in this work.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
العلاقة: http://vdu.oai.elaba.lt/documents/1868873.pdfTest; http://vdu.lvb.lt/VDU:ELABAETD1868873&prefLang=en_USTest
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3رسالة جامعية
المؤلفون: Čiplytė, Neringa
المساهمون: Maksvytienė, Inga
مصطلحات موضوعية: current account deficit, foreign trade balance, export, import
الوصف: This final master paper concentrates on the estimation of the current account deficit's dependence on foreign trade balance. The objective - to estimate the influence of foreign trade balance factors on the current account deficit. The work consists of three parts. The first one presents the theoretical analyses of the relation of the foreign trade balance with current account deficit, presentation of the foreign trade balance and current account concepts, scientific assessment and the implications for the economy. The second part analyzes the most important study methods of the foreign trade balance influence on the current account deficit, the research model and methodology. The third part of this paper briefly presents the current account deficit situation in Lithuania, the results of the research on foreign trade balance influence on Lithuania's current account deficit and possible solutions how to reduce Lithuania's current account deficit. The results shows that the gross capital formation is the most significant and affecting Lithuania's current account deficit factor in the short term and the foreign trade deficit - in the long term. The hypothesis that the foreign trade deficit is a key factor for the current account deficit, the first case fails, the second - was adopted.
وصف الملف: application/pdf
العلاقة: http://vdu.oai.elaba.lt/documents/1785732.pdfTest; http://vdu.lvb.lt/VDU:ELABAETD1785732&prefLang=en_USTest
