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1كتاب
المؤلفون: Golaszewski, Stefan M., Nardone, Raffaele
مصطلحات موضوعية: Muscular Dystrophies
الوصف: Patients affected by muscular dystrophies often show CNS abnormalities. Patients with dystrophinopathies exhibit intellectual disabilities and mental retardation, while subjects with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) often show epilepsy. Dystrophin and associated proteins have important roles in the CNS. Many patients with Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD/BMD) have cognitive impairment, learning disability, and variable degrees of mental retardation in addition to progressive muscular weakness. Unfortunately, the assessment of cortical function with TMS in DMD patients has not been able to delineate a clear picture and has yielded contradictory results. No TMS studies have been performed on BMD patients. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) modulates cortical excitability, possibly by inducing a short-term increase in synaptic efficacy, and can be used to investigate motor cortex excitability in BMD patients. Changes in the size and threshold of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) and cortical silent period (CSP) duration evoked by rTMS delivered in 5 Hz trains of stimuli at suprathreshold intensity can be tested. Impaired muscular function might be partially compensated by an enhancement of motor excitability at the cortical level and/or at α-motoneuron level. TMS may thus offer a reliable means to characterize also important neurophysiologic and pathophysiologic aspects of cortical involvement in muscular dystrophy.
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.86256Test
https://mts.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/electrophysiological-assessment-of-cns-abnormalities-in-muscular-dystrophyTest -
2كتاب
المؤلفون: Golaszewski, Stefan Martin, Nardone, Raffaele
مصطلحات موضوعية: Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Neuropsychiatry
الوصف: With transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), the motor system in neuropsychiatric disorders has extensively been investigated, and effects of certain pharmacological agents have been monitored. The most consistent finding in neuropsychiatric disorders is a significant reduction of short-latency afferent inhibition (SAI). SAI provides a reliable biomarker of cortical cholinergic dysfunction in neuropsychiatric disorders. Cortical hyperexcitability and asymptomatic motor cortex functional reorganization in the early stages of neuropsychiatric disorders have been demonstrated by TMS. Together with high-density EEG TMS and paired-associative stimulation, TMS showed impaired cortical plasticity and functional connectivity across different neural networks in neuropsychiatric disorders. Neuromodulatory techniques, especially as repetitive TMS (rTMS), hold promise as a therapeutic tool for cognitive rehabilitation because rTMS can enhance cognitive functions in neuropsychiatric disorders.
الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.75841Test
https://mts.intechopen.com/articles/show/title/transcranial-magnetic-stimulation-and-cognitive-impairmentTest
