دورية أكاديمية
From desert ores to Middle Kingdom copper : elemental and lead isotope data from the RMAH collection, Belgium
| العنوان: | From desert ores to Middle Kingdom copper : elemental and lead isotope data from the RMAH collection, Belgium |
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| المؤلفون: | Rademakers, Frederik W., Verly, Georges, Delvaux, Luc, Vanhaecke, Frank, Degryse, Patrick |
| المصدر: | ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL SCIENCES ; ISSN: 1866-9557 ; ISSN: 1866-9565 |
| سنة النشر: | 2021 |
| المجموعة: | Ghent University Academic Bibliography |
| مصطلحات موضوعية: | Chemistry, History and Archaeology, Archaeology, Anthropology, Archaeometallurgy, Provenance, Arsenical copper, Copper smelting, Kerma, Egyptian archaeology |
| الوصف: | This paper presents the first combined elemental composition and lead isotope (LI) ratio data for Middle Kingdom Egyptian copper alloy artefacts and significantly extends our knowledge on copper smelting remains from the Sinai Peninsula. It further provides the first precise LI ratio and trace element data for two Classic Kerma daggers. Forty-one samples have been analysed from artefacts housed at the Royal Museums of Art and History, Brussels. An important part of this assemblage consists of ore, "slag" and raw metal from workshops associated with 12th Dynasty mining expeditions in the southern Sinai Peninsula. These offer a unique insight into Middle Kingdom copper production chains and the associated waste materials, and form an essential reference group for provenance studies. The other part of the assemblage encompasses finished artefacts from different sites in Egypt-the first ever to be characterised for LI ratios for this period-as well as two daggers from Kerma, Nubia. This study illustrates the need for a careful approach to provenance research of early Egyptian metals, tailored to the particular technologies attested there. Based on the wide range of artefact LI ratios overlapping with those of arsenic-poor Sinai ores on the one hand, and the discrepancy in arsenic content between these ores and artefacts on the other hand, a two-step process for the production of arsenical copper alloys is identified. This suggests some technological continuity with respect to earlier pharaonic periods. The sources for primary copper production, however, likely changed over time: a narrower range of Sinai mines appears to have been exploited compared to preceding periods, and the recycling of circulating metal gained importance in the overall provisioning system. |
| نوع الوثيقة: | article in journal/newspaper |
| وصف الملف: | application/pdf |
| اللغة: | English |
| العلاقة: | https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8719817Test; http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8719817Test; http://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-021-01329-wTest; https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8719817/file/8720483Test |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s12520-021-01329-w |
| الإتاحة: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s12520-021-01329-wTest https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8719817Test http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-8719817Test https://biblio.ugent.be/publication/8719817/file/8720483Test |
| حقوق: | No license (in copyright) ; info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
| رقم الانضمام: | edsbas.B788BD9F |
| قاعدة البيانات: | BASE |
| DOI: | 10.1007/s12520-021-01329-w |
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