المؤلفون: Béniguel, Y., Romano, V., Alfonsi, Lu., Aquino, M., Bourdillon, A., Cannon, P., De Franceschi, G., Dubey, S., Forte, B., Gherm, V., Jakowski, N., Materassi, M., Noack, T., Pozoga, M., Rogers, N., Spalla, P., Strangeways, H. J., Warrington, E. M., Wernik, A., Wilken, V., Zernov, N.

المساهمون: Béniguel, Y., IEEA, Paris, France, Romano, V., Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia, Alfonsi, Lu., Aquino, M., Institute of Engineering Surveying and Space Geodesy, IESSG, Nottingham, UK, Bourdillon, A., IETR Université de Rennes 1, France, Cannon, P., Qinetiq, Malvern, UK, De Franceschi, G., Dubey, S., DLR, Neustrelitz, Germany, Forte, B., University of Nova Gorica, Slovenia, Gherm, V., University of St Petersburg, Russia, Jakowski, N., Materassi, M., Institute for Complex Systems, National Council of Researches, Firenze, Italy, Noack, T., Pozoga, M., Space Research Center, Warsaw, Poland, Rogers, N., Spalla, P., Strangeways, H. J., School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds, UK, Warrington, E. M., Department of Engineering, University of Leicester, UK, Wernik, A., Wilken, V., Zernov, N.

مصطلحات موضوعية: scintillation, measurement campaigns, phase screen models, radar, wavelets, maps, 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.04. Plasma Physics, 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.05. Wave propagation, 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.07. Scintillations, 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.99. General or miscellaneous

العلاقة: Annals of Geophysics; 3-4/52 (2009); ADAM, J-P, Y. BÉNIGUEL, N. JAKOWSKI, T. NOACK, V. WILKEN, J-J VALETTE, M. CUETO, A. BOURDILLON, P. LASSUDRIE-DUCHESNE and B. ARBESSER-RASTBURG (2008): Analysis of scintillation recorded at low and high latitudes during the PRIS measurement campaign, (IES Symposium, Alexandria, Va, May 2008). AQUINO, M., T. MOORE, A. DODSON, S. WAUGH, J. SOUTER and F.S. RODRIGUES (2005a): Implications of ionospheric scintillation for GNSS users in Northern Europe, Journal of Navigation, 58 (2), 241-256. AQUINO, M., F. RODRIGUES, J. SOUTER, T. MOORE, A. DODSON and S. WAUGH (2005b): Ionospheric scintillation and impact on GNSS users in Northern Europe: Results of a 3 year study, Space Communications, 20 (1/2), 17-30. AQUINO, M., M. ANDREOTTI, A. DODSON and H. STRANGEWAYS (2007): On the Use of Ionospheric Scintillation Indices as Input to Receiver Tracking Models, Journal Advances in Space Research, 40 (3), 426-435. AQUINO, M., J.F.G. MONICO, A. DODSON, H. MARQUES, G. DE FRANCESCHI, LU. ALFONSI, V. ROMANO and M. ANDREOTTI (2009): Improving the GNSS Positioning Stochastic Model in the Presence of Ionospheric Scintillation, Journal of Geodesy, doi:10.1007/s00190-009-0313-6. BASU, SU., SA. BASU, E. COSTA, C. BRYANT, C.E. VALLADARES and R.C. LIVINGSTON (1991): Interplanetary magnetic field control of drifts and anisotropy of highlatitude irregularities, Radio Sci., 26, 1079-1103. BÉNIGUEL, Y. (2002): Global Ionospheric Propagation Model (GIM): a propagation model for scintillations of transmitted signals, Radio Science, 37 (3). BHATTACHARYYA, A., S. BASU, K.M. GROVES, C.E. VALLADARES and R. SHEEHAN (2001): Dynamics of equatorial F region irregularities from spaced receiver scintillation observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 119-122. BRIGGS, B.G. and I.A. PARKIN (1963): On the variation of radio star and satellite scintillations with zenith angle, J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 25, 339-365. CANNON, P.S., K. GROVES, D.J. FRASER, W.J. DONNELLY and K. PERRIER (2006): Signal distortion on VHF/UHF transionospheric paths: First results from the Wideband Ionospheric Distortion Experiment, Radio Sci., 41, RS5S40, doi:10.1029/2005RS003369. COCO, I., E. AMATA, G. DE FRANCESCHI, L. ALFONSI, V. ROMANO, M.F. MARCUCCI, M. LESTER and P.L. DYSON (2007): Statistical Correlation between GPS Scintillations and HF backscatter, (IUGG XXIV General Assembly July 2-13, 2007 Perugia, Italy). CONKER, R.S., M.B. EL-ARINI, C.J. HEGARTY and T. HSIAO (2003): Modelling the Effects of Ionospheric Scintillation on GPS/Satellite-Based Augmentation System Availability, Radio Science, 38 (1), 1001, doi:10.1029/2000RS002604, 2003. COSTA, E., P.F. FOUGERE and SA. BASU (1988): Cross-correlation analysis and interpretation of spaced-receiver measurements, Radio Sci., 23, 141-162. DE FRANCESCHI, G., L. ALFONSI and V. ROMANO (2006): ISACCO: an Italian project to monitor the high latitudes ionosphere by means of GPS receivers, GPS Solution, doi:10.1007/s10291-006-0036-6. DE FRANCESCHI, G., L. ALFONSI, V. ROMANO, M. AQUINO, A. DODSON, C.N. MITCHELL, P. SPENCER and A.W. WERNIK (2008): Dynamics of high-latitude patches and associated small-scale irregularities, J. Atmos. Sol.-Terr. Phys., 70, 879-888, doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2007.05.018. FORTE, B. (2005): Optimum detrending of raw GPS data for scintillation measurements at auroral latitudes, J. Atmos. Sol-Terr. Phys., 67, 1100-1109. FOSTER, J.C., P.J. ERICKSON, A.J. COSTER, J. GOLDSTEIN and F.J. RICH (2002): Ionospheric signatures of plasmaspheric tails, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29 (13), 1623, doi:10.1029/2002GL015067. GHERM, V.E., N.N. ZERNOV and H.J. STRANGEWAYS (2005a): Propagation Model for Transionospheric Fluctuational Paths of Propagation: Simulator of the Transionospheric Channel, Radio Science, 40 (1), RS1003, doi:10.1029/2004RS003097. GHERM, V.E., N.N. ZERNOV and H.J. STRANGEWAYS (2005b): HF Propagation in a Wideband Ionospheric Fluctuating Reflection Channel: Physically Based Software Simulator of the Channel, Radio Science, 40 (1), RS1001, doi:10.1029/2004RS003093. GHERM, V.E., N.N. ZERNOV and H.J. STRANGEWAYS (2006): Effect of scintillations on the correlation of differentfrequency L-band satellite navigation signals on the same transionospheric link, presented at the 1st European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (Eu- CAP), (Nice, France, 6-10 November 2006), published on Conference Proceedings CD. GHERM, V.E., N.N. ZERNOV and H.J. STRANGEWAYS (2007a): Effect of scintillation on the correlation between different frequency L-band transmissions, presented at the International Beacon Satellite Symposium, (Boston, USA, 11-15 June 2007), published on Conference CD. GHERM, V.E., N.N. ZERNOV and H.J. STRANGEWAYS (2007b): Correlation of different frequency L-band satellite navigation signals on the same transionospheric link for scintillation conditions, presented at COST 296/IRI meeting in Prague, (Czech Republic, 10-14 July, 2007), published on the Conference website. GHERM, V.E., N.N. ZERNOV and H.J. STRANGEWAYS (2007c): Modelling of the Effect of Strong Scintillation on GPS Signals due to Plasma Bubbles in the Low-Latitude Ionosphere, presented at the International Beacon Satellite Symposium, (Boston, USA, 11-15 June 2007), published on Conference Proceedings CD. GHERM, V.E., N.N. ZERNOV and H.J. STRANGEWAYS (2007d): Modelling of L-band signals scintillation in the conditions of equatorial plasma bubbles, paper presented at the 20th UK URSI Colloquium at Portsmouth University, (2-3 July 2007). GHERM, V.E., N.N. ZERNOV and H.J. STRANGEWAYS (2007e): Modelling of the effect of strong scintillation on GPS Signals due to plasma bubbles in the low-latitude ionosphere, presented at COST 296/IRI meeting in Prague, (Czech Republic, 10 -14 July, 2007), published on the Conference website. GSV 4004B (2005): GPS Ionospheric Scintillation & TEC Monitor (GISTM) User’s Manual, (GSV GPS Silicon Valley). JAKOWSKI, N. (1996): TEC Monitoring by Using Satellite Positioning Systems, in Modern Ionospheric Science, edited by H. KOHL, R. RÜSTER and K. SCHLEGEL, (EGS, Katlenburg-Lindau, ProduServ GmbH Verlagsservice, Berlin), pp. 371-390. JAKOWSKI, N. (1998): Generation of TEC Maps Over the COST Area Based on GPS Measurements, Proc. 2nd COST251 Workshop, (Ed. A. Vernon), 30-31 March, 1998, Side, pp. 51-57. KIL, H., P.M. KINTNER, E.R. DE PAULA and I.J. KANTOR (2000): Global Positioning System measurements of the ionospheric zonal apparent velocity at Cochoeira Paulista in Brazil, J. Geophys. Res., 105, 5317-5327. KINTNER, P.M., H. KIL, T.L. BEACH and E.R. DE PAULA (2001): Fading timescales associated with GPS signals and potential consequences, Radio Sci., 36, 731-743. KINTNER, P.M., B.M. LEDVINA, E.R. DE PAULA and I.J. KANTOR (2004): Size, shape, orientation, speed, and duration of GPS equatorial anomaly scintillations, Radio Sci., 39, RS2012, doi:10.1029/2003RS002878. LEDVINA, B.M., P.M. KINTNER and E.R. DE PAULA (2004): Understanding spaced-receiver zonal velocity estimation, J. Geophys. Res., 109, A10306, doi:10.1029/2004JA010489. LIVINGSTON, R.C., C.L. RINO, J. OWEN and R.T. TSUNODA (1982): The anisotropy of high-latitude nighttime F region irregularities, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 10519-10526. MATERASSI, M. (2008): Use of ROSA data in Space Weather, invited talk to the URSI XXIX General Assembly, (Chicago 16-17 August 2008). MATERASSI, M., A.W. WERNIK and L. ALFONSI (2008): The WAM scintillation model: overview and application to ionospheric studies, talk given at the COST Workshop «Ionospheric scintillation: scientific aspects, space weather application and services», (Nottingham, UK, 20-22 February 2008). MATERASSI, M., LU. ALFONSI, G. DE FRANCESCHI, V. ROMANO, C.N. MITCHELL and P. SPALLA (2009): Detrend effect on the scalograms of GPS amplitude scintillation, J. Adv. Space Res., doi:10.1016/j.asr.2008.01.023. MAURITS, S.A., V.E. GHERM, N.N. ZERNOV and H.J. STRANGEWAYS (2008): Modeling of scintillation effects on high-latitude transionospheric paths using ionospheric model (UAF EPPIM) for background electron density specifications, Radio Science, 43, RS4001, doi:10.1029/2006RS003539. MITCHELL, C.N. and P.S.J. SPENCER (2003): A three-dimensional timedependent algorithm for ionospheric imaging using GPS, Ann. Geophys., 46, 687-696. MITCHELL, C.N., L. ALFONSI, G. DE FRANCESCHI, M. LESTER, V. ROMANO and A. W. WERNIK (2005): GPS TEC and scintillation measurements from the polar ionosphere during the October 2003 storm, Geophysical Research Letters, 32, L12S03, doi:10.1029/2004GL021644, 2005. OTSUKA, Y., K. SHIOKAWA and T. OGAWA (2006): Equatorial ionospheric scintillations and zonal irregularity drifts observed with closely-spaced GPS receivers in Indonesia, J. Meteorological Soc. Japan, 84A, 343- 351. RINO, C.L. (1982): On the Application of Phase Screen Models to the Interpretation of Ionospheric Scintillation Data, Radio Sci., 17 (4), 855-867. RINO, C.L. and R.C. LIVINGSTON (1982): On the analysis and interpretation of spaced-receiver measurements of transionospheric radio waves, Radio Sci., 17, 845-854. RODRIGUES, F.S., M.H.O. AQUINO, A. DODSON, T. MOORE and S. WAUGH (2004): Statistical analysis of GPS ionospheric scintillation and short-time TEC variations over Northern Europe, Journal of the Institute of Navigation, 51 (1), 59-75. ROGERS, N.C., P.S. CANNON and K.M. GROVES (2008): Measurements and Simulation of the Ionospheric Channel Scattering Function for the ALTAIR VHF/UHF Radar, Paper A086, 12th International Ionospheric Effects Symposium, (May 13-15 2008, Alexandria, VA, J.M. Goodman (Editor-in-chief), National Technical Information Service (NTIS), Springfield VA). ROMANO, V., S. PAU, M. PEZZOPANE, E. ZUCCHERETTI, B. ZOLESI, G. DE FRANCESCHI and S. LOCATELLI (2008): The electronic Space Weather upper atmosphere (eSWua) project at INGV: advancements and state of the art, Ann. Geophys., 26, 345-351. SPOGLI L., L. ALFONSI G. DE FRANCESCHI, V. ROMANO, M. AQUINO and A. DODSON (2009): Climatology of the Ionospheric Scintillations over the Auroral and Cusp European Regions, Geophysical Research Abstracts, Vol. 11, EGU2009-7396, EGU General Assembly 2009. STRANGEWAYS, H.J., V.E. GHERM and N.N. ZERNOV (2006): Transionospheric simulator for strong scintillation conditions and its use in quantifying scintillation effects for GNSS systems, Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Ionospheric Radio Systems, and Techniques, (London, 18-21 July 2006), pp. 173-177. STRANGEWAYS, H.J., V.E. GHERM and N.N. ZERNOV (2007a): Modelling and mitigation of the effect of scintillations on GPS, invited paper at 49th International Symposium ELMAR-2007, (12-14 September, 2007, Zadar, Croatia), published in conference proceedings. STRANGEWAYS, H.J., V.E. GHERM and N.N. ZERNOV (2007b): Modelling and mitigation of the effect of ionospheric scintillations on GPS due to time-varying electron density irregularities and plasma bubbles, invited paper at the Workshop on Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS): problems, vulnerabilities and solutions, (Baska, Krk Island, Croatia, 12-14 September 2007). STRANGEWAYS, H.J. (2008): Determining scintillation effects on GPS receivers, in Ionospheric Effects Symposium IES2008, (Alexandria,Virginia, USA, 13-15 May 2008). TIWARI, D., B. ENGAVALE, A. BHATTACHARYYA, C.V. DEVASIA, T.K. PANT and R. SRIDHARAN (2006): Simultaneous radar and spaced receiver VHF scintillation observations of ESF irregularities, Ann. Geophys., 24, 1419-1427. VAN DIERENDONCK, A.J., J.A. KLOBUCHAR and Q. HUA (1993): Ionospheric scintillation monitoring using single frequency C/A code receivers, ION GPS 1993. YEH, C.K. and C.H. LIU (1982): Radio wave scintillations in the ionosphere, Proc. IEEE, 70 (4), 324-360. WEIMER, D.R. (2001): An improved model of ionospheric electric potentials including substorm perturbations and application to the Geospace Environment Modeling November 24, 1996, event, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 407-416. WERNIK, A.W., C.H. LIU and K.C. YEH (1983): Modeling of spaced-receiver scintillation measurements, Radio Sci., 18, 743-764-. WERNIK, A.W., L. ALFONSI and M. MATERASSI (2004): Ionospheric irregularities, scintillation and its effect on systems, Acta Geophysica Polonica, 52 (2), 237-249. WERNIK, A.W., L. ALFONSI and M. MATERASSI (2007): Scintillation modelling using insitu data, Radio Sci., 42 (1), RS1002, doi:10.1029/2006RS003512. WERNIK, A.W., M. POZOGA, M. GRZESIAK, A. ROKICKI and M. MORAWSKI (2008): Monitoring ionospheric scintillation and TEC at the Polish Polar Station on Spitsbergen: Instrumentation and preliminary results, Acta Geophysica, 56 (4), doi:10.2478/s11600-008-0060-8 ZERNOV, N.N., V.E. GHERM and H.J. STRANGEWAYS (2008a): The scintillation propagation model for the effects of scintillation on transionospheric paths traversing midscale ionospheric inhomogeneities, in COST296 Workshop «Ionospheric scintillation: Scientific aspects, Space weather, Application and services», (Nottingham, UK, 20-22 February, 2008). ZERNOV, N.N., V.E. GHERM and H.J. STRANGEWAYS (2008b): On the effects of scintillation on the transionospheric paths of propagation, in Proceedings of IES2008, (Alexandria, Virginia, USA, 13-15 May, 2008), p. 8.; http://hdl.handle.net/2122/5241Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-009-0313-6Test
http://hdl.handle.net/2122/5241Test

المؤلفون: Warrington, E. M., Bourdillon, A., Benito, E., Bianchi, C., Monilie, J. P., Muriuki, M., Pietrella, M., Rannou, V., Rothkaehl, H., Saillant, S., Sari, O., Stocker, A. J., Tulunay, E., Tulunay, Y., Zaalov, N. Y.

المساهمون: Warrington, E. M., Department of Engineering, University of Leicester, UK, Bourdillon, A., IETR, Université de Rennes 1, France, Benito, E., Electromagnetism and Radar Department, Onera, Palaiseau, France, Bianchi, C., Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma2, Roma, Italia, Monilie, J. P., Muriuki, M., Pietrella, M., Rannou, V., Rothkaehl, H., Space Research Centre PAS 00-716 Warsaw, Poland, Saillant, S., Sari, O., Aselsan A.S., Macunkoy, Ankara, Turkey, Stocker, A. J., Tulunay, E., ODTÜ/METU, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Ankara, Turkey, Tulunay, Y., ODT /METU, Department of Aerospace Engineering, Ankara, Turkey, Zaalov, N. Y.

مصطلحات موضوعية: Ionospheric propagation, mid-latitude trough, radiolocation, propagation modelling, backscatter sounding, 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.05. Wave propagation

العلاقة: Annals of Geophysics; 4/52 (2009); BATES, H.F. and R.D. HUNSUCKER (1974): Quiet and disturbed electron-density profiles in auroral zone ionosphere, Radio Science, 9 (4), 455-467. BILITZA, D. (ed.) (1990): International Reference Ionosphere 1990, NSSDC 90-22, (Greenbelt, Maryland, USA). BILITZA, D. (2001): International Reference Ionosphere 2000, Radio Science, 36 (2), 261-275. BRADLEY, P.A. and J.R. DUDENEY (1973): A simple model of the vertical distribution of electron concentration in the ionosphere, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 35, 2131-2146. BUCHAU, J., B.W. RENISCH, E.J. WEBER and J.G. MOORE (1983): Structure and dynamics of the winter polar cap F region, Radio Science, 18, 995-1010. CARLSON, H.C. JR., V.B. WICKWAR, E.J. WEBER, J. BUCHAU, J.G. MOORE and W. WHITING (1984): Plasma characteristics of polar cap F layer arcs, GeophysicalResearch Letters, 11, 895-898. CANNON, P.S., M.J. ANGLING and N.J. DAVIES (2000): DAMSON HF Channel Characterisation - A review, 21st Century Military Communications Conference Proceedings, 1 (2), 59-64. CCIR (1966): Atlas of ionospheric characteristics, Report 340-1, ITU, (Geneva, Switzerland). COLEMAN, C.J. (1998): A ray-tracing formulation and its application to some problems in over-the-horizon radar, Radio Science, 33 (4), 1187-1197. DYSON, P.L. and P.A. BENNETT (1988): A model of vertical distribution of the electron concentration in the ionosphere and its application to oblique propagation studies, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, 50 (3), 251-262. GOLDBERG, D.E. (1989): Genetic algorithms in search, optimization and machine learning, edited by Addison- Wesley Publishing Company. HALCROW, B.W. and J.S. NISBET (1977): A model of the F2 peak electron densities in the main trough region of the ionosphere, Radio Science, 12, 815-820. HAYDON, G.W. and D.L. LUCAS (1968): Predicting ionosphere electron density profiles, Radio Science, 3 (13), 111-119. ITU (INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS UNION) (1997): Standardized procedure for comparing predicted and observed HF sky-wave signal intensities and the presentation of such comparisons, ITU-R Recommendation P1148-1. JODALEN, V., T. BERGSVIK, P.S. CANNON and P.C. ARTHUR (2001): Performance of HF modems on high-latitude paths using multiple frequencies, Radio Science, 36 (6), 1687-1698. JONES, R.M. and J.J. STEPHENSON (1975): A Versatile Three-Dimensional Ray Tracing Computer Program for Radio Waves in the Ionosphere, Office of Telecommunications, OT 75-76, (U.S Department of Commerce, Washington, USA). KIRKPATRICK, S., C.D. GELATT, Jr. and M.P. VECCHI (1983): Optimisation by Simulated Annealing, Science, 220 (4598), 671-680. LANDEAU, T., F. GAUTHIER and N. RUELLE (1997): Further improvements to the inversion of elevation-scan backscatter sounding data, Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 59 (1), 125-138. NATO (2000): STANAG 4538 Technical Standards for an Automatic Radio Control System (ARCS) for HF communication links, (NATO Military Agency for Standardisation). NGDC (2008): National Geophysical Data Centre, Boulder, Colorado USA, ftp://ftp.ngdc.noaa.gov/STP/SOLAR_ DATA/SUNSPOT_NUMBERS/2008 NORMAN, R.J., J.A. BENNETT, P.L. DYSON and J.A. NGUYEN (1994): HIRT: homing-in ray tracing program, research report, School of Physics., (La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia). NORMAN, R.J. and P.S. CANNON (1997): A two-dimensional analytic ray tracing technique accommodating horizontal gradients, Radio Science, 32 (2), 387-396. NORMAN, R.J. and P.S. CANNON (1999): An evaluation of a new two-dimensional analytic ionospheric ray-tracing technique: Segmented method for analytic ray tracing (SMART), Radio Science, 34 (2), 489-499. PIETRELLA, M., E.M. WARRINGTON, A.J. STOCKER and C. BIANCHI (2009): Time of flight measurements over a radio-link from Uppsala to Bruntingthorpe and their application to testing predictions methods that approximate the ray tracing technique, Advances in Space Research, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2008.09.038. ROGERS, N.C., E.M. WARRINGTON and T.B. JONES (1997): Large HF bearing errors for propagation paths tangential to the auroral oval, IEE Proceedings on Microwaves, Antennas and Propagation, 144 (2), 91-96. SARI, M.O. (2006): A New Approach For The Assessment of HF Channel Availability Under Ionospheric Disturbances, MS Thesis, Electrical and Electronics Eng., (Middle East Technical Univ., Ankara, Turkey). SIDDLE, D.R., A.J. STOCKER and E.M. WARRINGTON (2004a): The time-of-flight and direction of arrival of HF radio signals received over a path along the mid-latitude trough: observations, Radio Science, 39 (4), RS4008, doi:10.1029/2004RS003049. SIDDLE, D.R., A.J. STOCKER and E.M. WARRINGTON (2004b): The time-of-flight and direction of arrival of HF radio signals received over a path along the mid-latitude trough: theoretical considerations, Radio Science, 39 (4), RS4009, doi:10.1029/2004RS003052. STOCKER, A.J., E.M. WARRINGTON and T.B. JONES (2003): A comparison of observed and modelled deviations from the great circle direction for a 4490 km HF propagation path along the mid-latitude ionospheric trough, Radio Science, 38 (3), 1045, doi:10.1029/2002RS002781. STOCKER, A.J., N.Y. ZAALOV, E.M. WARRINGTON and D.R. SIDDLE (2009): Observations of HF propagation on a path aligned along the mid-latitude trough, Advances in Space Research, 44 (1), 64-71, doi:10.1016/j.asr.2009.03.07. STEWART, F.G (undated): ICEPAC (Ionospheric Communications Enhanced Profile Analysis and Circuit analysis program) Technical Manual, (available for download at http://www.greg-hand.com/manuals/icepac_tech_manualTest. pdf). TARANTOLA, A. (1987): Inverse Problem Theory, Methods for data fitting and model parameter estimation, edited by Elsevier Science. WARRINGTON, E.M. and A.J. STOCKER (2003): Measurements of the Doppler and multipath spread of HF signals received over a path oriented along the mid-latitude trough, Radio Science, 38 (5), 1080, doi:10.1029/2002RS002815. WEBER, E.J., J. BUCHAU, J.G. MOORE, J.R. SHARBER, J.D. LIVINGSTON, J.D. WINNINGHAM and B.W. REINISCH (1984): F layer ionization patches in the polar cap, Journal of Geophysical Research, 89, 1683-1694. ZAALOV, N.Y., E.M. WARRINGTON and A.J. STOCKER (2003): The simulation of off-great circle HF propagation effects due to the presence of patches and arcs of enhanced electron density within the polar cap ionosphere, Radio Science, 38 (3), 1052, doi:10.1029/2002RS002798. ZAALOV, N.Y., E.M. WARRINGTON and A.J. STOCKER (2005): A ray-tracing model to account for off-great circle HF propagation over northerly paths, Radio Science, 40 (4), RS4006, doi:10.1029/2004RS003183. ZOLESI, B., L.R. CANDER and G. DE FRANCESCHI (1993): Simplified ionospheric regional model for telecommunication application, Radio Science, 28 (4), 603-612. ZOLESI, B., L.R. CANDER and G. DE FRANCESCHI (1996): On the potential applicability of the simplified ionospheric regional model to different mid-latitude areas, Radio Science, 31 (3), 547-552.; http://hdl.handle.net/2122/5242Test

الإتاحة: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2008.09.038Test
http://hdl.handle.net/2122/5242Test