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1دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Yang, Qian, Deng, Wei, Li, Xuefeng, Yu, Qin, Bai, Lianyang, Zheng, Mingqi
مصطلحات موضوعية: Acetolactate synthase, Cytochrome P450, Flixweed, Tribenuron-methyl, Target-site based resistance, Non-target-site based resistance, Metabolic resistance, RNA-Seq
الوصف: Background Flixweed ( Descurainia sophia L.) is a troublesome and widespread broadleaf weed in winter fields in China, and has evolved high level resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting sulfonylurea herbicide tribenuron-methyl. Results We identified a resistant flixweed population (N11) exhibiting 116.3-fold resistance to tribenuron-methyl relative to the susceptible population (SD8). Target-site ALS gene mutation Pro-197-Thr was identified in resistant plants. Moreover, the resistance can be reversed to 28.7-fold by the cytochrome P450 inhibitor malathion. The RNA-Sequencing was employed to identify candidate genes involved in non-target-site metabolic resistance in this population. Total 26 differentially expressed contigs were identified and eight of them (four P450s, one ABC transporter, three glycosyltransferase) verified by qRT-PCR. Consistent over-expression of the two contigs homology to CYP96A13 and ABCC1 transporter, respectively, were further qRT-PCR validated using additional plants from the resistant and susceptible populations. Conclusions Tribenuron-methyl resistance in flixweed is controlled by target-site ALS mutation and non-target-site based mechanisms. Two genes, CYP96A13 and ABCC1 transporter, could play an important role in metabolic resistance to tribenuron-methyl in the resistant flixweed population and justify further functional studies.
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2دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Yang, Chia-Chun, Chen, Min-Hsuan, Lin, Sheng-Yi, Andrews, Erik, Cheng, Chao, Liu, Chun-Chi, Chen, Jeremy
مصطلحات موضوعية: Transcription factor, TF-TF complexes, Condition-specific target, ChIP-seq, Database
الوصف: Background Transcription factors (TFs) often interact with one another to form TF complexes that bind DNA and regulate gene expression. Many databases are created to describe known TF complexes identified by either mammalian two-hybrid experiments or data mining. Lately, a wealth of ChIP-seq data on human TFs under different experiment conditions are available, making it possible to investigate condition-specific (cell type and/or physiologic state) TF complexes and their target genes. Results Here, we developed a systematic pipeline to infer Condition-Specific Targets of human TF-TF complexes (called the CST pipeline) by integrating ChIP-seq data and TF motifs. In total, we predicted 2,392 TF complexes and 13,504 high-confidence or 127,994 low-confidence regulatory interactions amongst TF complexes and their target genes. We validated our predictions by (i) comparing predicted TF complexes to external TF complex databases, (ii) validating selected target genes of TF complexes using ChIP-qPCR and RT-PCR experiments, and (iii) analysing target genes of select TF complexes using gene ontology enrichment to demonstrate the accuracy of our work. Finally, the predicted results above were integrated and employed to construct a CST database. Conclusions We built up a methodology to construct the CST database, which contributes to the analysis of transcriptional regulation and the identification of novel TF-TF complex formation in a certain condition. This database also allows users to visualize condition-specific TF regulatory networks through a user-friendly web interface.
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3تقرير
المؤلفون: Qin, Jiang
مصطلحات موضوعية: Image process, Target recognition, Target tracking, Multiple-instance learning
الوصف: Target recognition and tracking is a hot research in image and video processing and is widely used in motion analysis, behavior recognition, and so on. In this paper, we studied target recognition and tracking in a series of images, and our approach is based on the multiple-instance learning technique. Firstly, we present a general target tracking framework. Within the proposed framework, we use image frames to generate positive and negative samples to train a classifier and use the classifier to differentiate target from its background. We use a set of weak classifiers to construct a strong classifier. The experiments show that the proposed approach has better precision and recall on two public datasets than related works.
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4تقرير
المؤلفون: Yang, Jinlong, Yang, Le, Xiao, Zhiyong, Liu, Jianjun
مصطلحات موضوعية: Multi-target multi-Bernoulli filter, Adaptive parameter estimation (APE), Multi-model (MM) method, Multiple maneuvering target tracking
الوصف: Cardinality-balanced multi-target multi-Bernoulli (CBMeMBer) filter has been demonstrated as a promising algorithm for multi-target tracking, and the multi-model (MM) method has been incorporated into the CBMeMBer filter to solve the problem of multiple maneuvering target tracking. However, it is difficult to construct a proper set of models due to the unknown maneuvering parameters of the targets. Moreover, the number of models may increase exponentially if more unknown parameters have to be taken into account to match the target motion modes, which may lead to prohibitive computational complexity. To address this aspect, this paper proposes to incorporate the adaptive parameter estimation (APE) method in the framework of CBMeMBer filters, so that the model with unknown maneuvering parameter can be modified adaptively by using the selected parameter particles. Moreover, a particle labeling technique is introduced in the proposed algorithm in order to obtain the individual target track, which results in the adaptive parameter particle filter CBMeMBer (APPF-CBMeMBer) tracker. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively track multiple maneuvering targets with abruptly changing parameters and exhibit better robustness than those of the well-known MM-based approaches.
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5تقرير
المؤلفون: Kirkegaard, Hans, Rasmussen, Bodil S, de Haas, Inge, Nielsen, Jørgen, Ilkjær, Susanne, Kaltoft, Anne, Jeppesen, Anni, Grejs, Anders, Duez, Christophe, Larsen, Alf, Pettilä, Ville, Toome, Valdo, Arus, Urmet, Taccone, Fabio, Storm, Christian, Skrifvars, Markus, Søreide, Eldar
مصطلحات موضوعية: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, Target temperature management, Mild therapeutic hypothermia, Prolonged target temperature management
الوصف: Background The application of therapeutic hypothermia (TH) for 12 to 24 hours following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) has been associated with decreased mortality and improved neurological function. However, the optimal duration of cooling is not known. We aimed to investigate whether targeted temperature management (TTM) at 33 ± 1 °C for 48 hours compared to 24 hours results in a better long-term neurological outcome. Methods The TTH48 trial is an investigator-initiated pragmatic international trial in which patients resuscitated from OHCA are randomised to TTM at 33 ± 1 °C for either 24 or 48 hours. Inclusion criteria are: age older than 17 and below 80 years; presumed cardiac origin of arrest; and Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) <8, on admission. The primary outcome is neurological outcome at 6 months using the Cerebral Performance Category score (CPC) by an assessor blinded to treatment allocation and dichotomised to good (CPC 1–2) or poor (CPC 3–5) outcome. Secondary outcomes are: 6-month mortality, incidence of infection, bleeding and organ failure and CPC at hospital discharge, at day 28 and at day 90 following OHCA. Assuming that 50 % of the patients treated for 24 hours will have a poor outcome at 6 months, a study including 350 patients (175/arm) will have 80 % power (with a significance level of 5 %) to detect an absolute 15 % difference in primary outcome between treatment groups. A safety interim analysis was performed after the inclusion of 175 patients. Discussion This is the first randomised trial to investigate the effect of the duration of TTM at 33 ± 1 °C in adult OHCA patients. We anticipate that the results of this trial will add significant knowledge regarding the management of cooling procedures in OHCA patients. Trial registration .
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6دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Panjkovich, Alejandro, Gibert, Isidre, Daura, Xavier
مصطلحات موضوعية: Antibacterial-drug target, Gram-negative bacteria, Target druggability
الوصف: Background Development of novel antibacterial drugs is both an urgent healthcare necessity and a partially neglected field. The last decades have seen a substantial decrease in the discovery of novel antibiotics, which combined with the recent thrive of multi-drug-resistant pathogens have generated a scenario of general concern. The procedures involved in the discovery and development of novel antibiotics are economically challenging, time consuming and lack any warranty of success. Furthermore, the return-on-investment for an antibacterial drug is usually marginal when compared to other therapeutics, which in part explains the decrease of private investment. Results In this work we present antibacTR, a computational pipeline designed to aid researchers in the selection of potential drug targets, one of the initial steps in antibacterial-drug discovery. The approach was designed and implemented as part of two publicly funded initiatives aimed at discovering novel antibacterial targets, mechanisms and drugs for a priority list of Gram-negative pathogens: Acinetobacter baumannii , Escherichia coli , Helicobacter pylori , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia . However, at present this list has been extended to cover a total of 74 fully sequenced Gram-negative pathogens. antibacTR is based on sequence comparisons and queries to multiple databases ( e.g. gene essentiality, virulence factors) to rank proteins according to their potential as antibacterial targets. The dynamic ranking of potential drug targets can easily be executed, customized and accessed by the user through a web interface which also integrates computational analyses performed in-house and visualizable on-site. These include three-dimensional modeling of protein structures and prediction of active sites among other functionally relevant ligand-binding sites. Conclusions Given its versatility and ease-of-use at integrating both experimental annotation and computational analyses, antibacTR may effectively assist ...
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7دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Patzelt, Christiane, Heim, Susanne, Deitermann, Bernhilde, Theile, Gudrun, Krauth, Christian, Hummers-Pradier, Eva, Walter, Ulla
مصطلحات موضوعية: Elderly, Prevention, Health promotion, Healthy aging, Target groups, Information materials, Gender, Qualitative research, Focus groups
الوصف: Background Often preventive measures are not accessed by the people who were intended to be reached. Programs for older adults may target men and women, older adults, advanced old age groups and/or chronically ill patients with specific indications. The defined target groups rarely participate in the conception of programs or in the design of information materials, although this would increase accessibility and participation. In the German “Reaching the Elderly” study (2008–2011), an approach to motivating older adults to participate in a preventive home visit (PHV) program was modified with the participatory involvement of the target groups. The study examines how older men and women would prefer to be addressed for health and prevention programs. Methods Four focus groups ( N = 42 participants) and 12 personal interviews were conducted (women and men in 2 age groups: 65–75 years and ≥ 76 years). Participants from two districts of a major German city were selected from a stratified random sample ( N = 200) based on routine data from a local health insurance fund. The study focused on the participants’ knowledge about health and disease prevention and how they preferred to be approached and addressed. Videos of the focus groups were recorded and analysed using mind mapping techniques. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim and subjected to qualitative content analysis. Results A gender-specific approach profile was observed. Men were more likely to favor competitive and exercise-oriented activities, and they associated healthy aging with mobility and physical activity. Women, on the other hand, displayed a broader understanding of healthy aging, which included physical activity as only one aspect as well as a healthy diet, relaxation/wellness, memory training and independent living; they preferred holistic and socially oriented services that were not performance-oriented. The “older seniors” (76+) were ambivalent towards certain wordings referring to aging. Conclusions Our results ...
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8دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: He, Yu-Xiang, Wang, Ying, Cao, Peng-Fei, Shen, Lin, Zhao, Ya-Jie, Zhang, Zi-Jian, Chen, Deng-Ming, Yang, Tu-Bao, Huang, Xin-Qiong, Qin, Zhou, Dai, You-Yi, Shen, Liang-Fang
مصطلحات موضوعية: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Intensity-modulated radiotherapy, Gross target volume of primary tumor, Prognosis
الوصف: Background Gross target volume of primary tumor (GTV-P) is very important for the prognosis prediction of patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but it is unknown whether the same is true for locally advanced NPC patients treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). This study aimed to clarify the prognostic value of tumor volume for patient with locally advanced NPC receiving IMRT and to find a suitable cut-off value of GTV-P for prognosis prediction. Methods Clinical data of 358 patients with locally advanced NPC who received IMRT were reviewed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify the cut-off values of GTV-P for the prediction of different endpoints [overall survival (OS), local relapse-free survival (LRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and disease-free survival (DFS)] and to test the prognostic value of GTV-P when compared with that of the American Joint Committee on Cancer T staging system. Results The 358 patients with locally advanced NPC were divided into two groups by the cut-off value of GTV-P as determined using ROC curves: 219 (61.2%) patients with GTV-P ≤46.4 mL and 139 (38.8%) with GTV-P >46.4 mL. The 3-year OS, LRFS, DMFS, and DFS rates were all higher in patients with GTV-P ≤46.4 mL than in those with GTV-P > 46.4 mL (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that GTV-P >46.4 mL was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for patient survival. The ROC curve verified that the predictive ability of GTV-P was superior to that of T category ( P < 0.001). The cut-off values of GTV-P for the prediction of OS, LRFS, DMFS, and DFS were 46.4, 57.9, 75.4 and 46.4 mL, respectively. Conclusion In patients with locally advanced NPC, GTV-P >46.4 mL is an independent unfavorable prognostic indicator for survival after IMRT, with a prognostic value superior to that of T category.
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9دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Golder, Vera, Kandane-Rathnayake, Rangi, Hoi, Alberta, Huq, Molla, Louthrenoo, Worawit, An, Yuan, Li, Zhan, Luo, Shue, Sockalingam, Sargunan, Lau, Chak, Lee, Alfred, Mok, Mo, Lateef, Aisha, Franklyn, Kate, Morton, Susan, Navarra, Sandra, Zamora, Leonid, Wu, Yeong-Jian, Hamijoyo, Laniyati, Chan, Madelynn, O’Neill, Sean, Goldblatt, Fiona, Morand, Eric, Nikpour, Mandana, for the Asia-Pacific Lupus Collaboration
مصطلحات موضوعية: Systemic lupus erythematosus, Disease activity, Treatment target, Low disease activity
الوصف: Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic heterogeneous disease with considerable burden from disease activity and damage. A novel clinical treatment target in the form of the lupus low disease activity state (LLDAS) has been recently reported, with retrospective validation showing that time spent in LLDAS translates to reduced damage accrual. The objectives of this study were to describe the frequency and identify the predictors of attaining LLDAS in a large multinational cohort of patients with SLE. Methods Data were collected at the recruitment visit in patients with SLE enrolled in a longitudinal study in nine countries. Data were analysed cross-sectionally against the recently published definition of LLDAS, and the frequency and characteristics associated with presence of LLDAS were determined. Stepwise multivariable logistic regression was used to determine predictors of LLDAS. Results Of the 1846 patients assessed, criteria for LLDAS were met by 44 %. Patients with shorter disease duration were less likely to be in LLDAS (OR 0.31, 95 % CI 0.19–0.49, p < 0.001). Likewise, patients with a history of discoid rash (OR 0.66, 95 % CI 0.49–0.89, p = 0.006), renal disease (OR 0.60, 95 % CI 0.48–0.75, p < 0.001), elevated double stranded DNA (OR 0.65, 95 % CI 0.53–0.81, p < 0.001) or hypocomplementaemia (OR 0.52, 95 % CI 0.40–0.67, p < 0.001) were less likely to be in LLDAS. When countries were compared, higher national social wealth (OR 1.57, 95 % CI 1.25–1.98, p < 0.001) as measured by the gross domestic product per capita was positively associated with LLDAS, but ethnicity was not. Conclusion The lupus low .
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10دورية أكاديمية
المؤلفون: Mishra, Ajay, Duraisamy, Ganesh, Matoušek, Jaroslav, Radisek, Sebastjan, Javornik, Branka, Jakse, Jernej
مصطلحات موضوعية: Humulus lupulus, High-throughput sequencing, Citrus bark cracking viroid, microRNA, Viroids, Target expression
الوصف: Background Hop ( Humulus lupulus L.) plants are grown primarily for the brewing industry and have been used as a traditional medicinal herb for a long time. Severe hop stunt disease caused by the recently discovered Citrus bark cracking viroid (CBCVd) is one of the most devastating diseases among other viroid infections in hop. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding small RNAs that play important roles in gene expression regulation. To identify miRNAs in hop and their response to CBCVd-infection, two small RNA (sRNA) libraries were prepared from healthy and CBCVd-infected hop plants and were investigated by high throughput sequencing. Results A total of 67 conserved and 49 novel miRNAs were identified. Among them, 36 conserved and 37 novel miRNAs were found to be differentially recovered in response to CBCVd-infection. A total of 311 potential targets was predicted for conserved and novel miRNAs based on a sequence homology search using hop transcriptome data. The majority of predicted targets significantly belonged to transcriptional factors that may regulate hop leaf, root and cone growth and development. In addition, the identified miRNAs might also play an important roles in other cellular and metabolic processes, such as signal transduction, stress response and other physiological processes, including prenylflavonoid biosynthesis pathways. Quantitative real time PCR analysis of selected targets revealed their negative correlation with their corresponding CBCVd-responsive miRNAs. Conclusions Based on the results, we concluded that CBCVd-responsive miRNAs modulate several hormone pathways and transcriptional factors that play important roles in the regulation of metabolism, growth and development. These results provide a framework for further analysis of regulatory roles of sRNAs in plant defense mechanism including other hop infecting viroids in particular.
