المؤلفون: Pays, Olivier, Bonnet, Manon, Marchand, Ewen, Harmange, Clément, Bertolino, Sandro, Pagano, Alain, Picard, Damien, Grillo, Xavier, Grimault-Frémy, Antonin

المصدر: Sustainability (2071-1050); Mar2024, Vol. 16 Issue 5, p1970, 16p

مستخلص: Managing invasive alien species (IAS) is a critical issue for many countries to preserve native biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being. In western France, we analyzed data of captures of aquatic invasive alien rodents (AIARs), the coypu and muskrat, by the local permanent control program from 2007 to 2022 across 26 municipalities encompassing 631 km². We found that control activities removed up to 10.3 AIARs per km² annually. The number of coypus removed per trapper per year increased by 220%, whereas it decreased by 85% for muskrats. The number of trappers increased from 2007 to 2014, peaking at 70, and then decreased by 50% in 2022. The number of AIARs captured per trapper per year increased with the density of ponds. The number of coypus captured per year decreased with an increasing amount of woodland per municipality, whereas it increased with road density. Finally, other tested landscape variables did not affect the number of AIARs removed per trapper per year. Our results are discussed in the context of control activities implemented against IAS in other countries. We advocate for stakeholders to assess whether control activities against AIARs effectively mitigate the impacts on social-ecological systems in France. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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المؤلفون: Picard, Damien¹ damien.picard@kuleuven.be, Helsen, Lieve^1,2

المصدر: Energies (19961073). Feb2018, Vol. 11 Issue 2, p314. 19p. 2 Diagrams, 5 Charts, 8 Graphs.

مصطلحات موضوعية: *HEATING & ventilation industry, *GROUND source heat pump systems, *THERMAL comfort, *BUILDING design & construction, *STEAM power plants, *HEAT pumps

مستخلص: In the early design phase of a building, the task of the Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) engineer is to propose an appropriate HVAC system for a given building. This system should provide thermal comfort to the building occupants at all time, meet the building owner's specific requirements, and have minimal investment, running, maintenance and replacement costs (i.e., the total cost) and energy use or environmental impact. Calculating these different aspects is highly time-consuming and the HVAC engineer will therefore only be able to compare a (very) limited number of alternatives leading to suboptimal designs. This study presents therefore a Python tool that automates the generation of all possible scenarios for given thermal power profiles and energy load and a given database of HVAC components. The tool sizes each scenario properly, computes its present total cost (PC) and the total CO2 emissions associated with the building energy use. Finally, the different scenarios can be searched and classified to pick the most appropriate scenario. The tool uses static calculations based on standards, manufacturer data and basic assumptions similar to those made by engineers in the early design phase. The current version of the tool is further focused on hybrid GEOTABS building, which combines a GEOthermal heat pump with a Thermally Activated System (TABS). It should further be noted that the tool optimizes the HVAC system but not the building envelope, while, ideally, both should be simultaneously optimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]