المؤلفون: Sharmila Gupta

المصدر: Asian Journal of Medical Sciences, Vol 15, Iss 7, Pp 114-119 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: serological test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, dengue, coinfection, Medicine

الوصف: Background: Fever is a symptom, not a disease. It is the non-specific manifestation of several underlying illnesses. Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of this study were to determine the serological profile of patients with febrile illnesses, to study their different unusual presentations, and to study patients with coinfections with more than one type of disease. Materials and Methods: Blood samples from 15,000 febrile patients were collected during the study period of 6 months. Different serological tests were performed in our laboratory based on clinical suspicion and in a few patients, more than one type of tests were done. The unusual presentations of different diseases were studied. Results: Various percentages of male and female patients were seen suffering from different types of febrile illnesses. The different positive results out of total tests done for respective diseases were dengue (848/7708), vivax malaria (64/800), falciparum malaria (4/800), leptospirosis (95/798), scrub typhus (77/2433), enteric fever (75/1506), hepatitis B (143/9368), hepatitis C (11/9368), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (37/10900), systemic lupus erythematosus (5/158), acute renal failure (66/158), and syphilis (54/583). Different unusual presentations among patients with several diseases were noted, along with their percentages of occurrence. Coinfections among dengue and enteric fever (3%), mixed infection with Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum (0.25%), scrub typhus and Leptospira (15.6%), hepatitis B and hepatitis C (0.649%), hepatitis B and HIV (5%), hepatitis C and HIV (8.33%), and syphilis and HIV (27.68%). Conclusion: Dengue fever was found to be the most common of all febrile illnesses. The different unusual presentations of those diseases should suggest an improved clinical suspicion and better diagnostic stewardship. Coinfection was most commonly seen among syphilis and HIV and these data must suggest to always looking for associated illnesses in a patient with a single diagnosis.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.nepjol.info/index.php/AJMS/article/view/64448Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2467-9100Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2091-0576Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/dacd40fc1bd34123b72e28b9324df226Test

المؤلفون: Seulki Kim, A Reum Kim, Seungjin Lim, Su Jin Lee, Moonsuk Bae

المصدر: Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, Vol 17, Iss 6, Pp 273-280 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: scrub typhus, serological test, immunofluorescence assay, immunochromatography, rapid detecting test, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, RC955-962

الوصف: Objective: Serological tests are widely used for scrub typhus diagnosis; however, their limitations are evident. This study aims to assess their practical value in clinical settings. Methods: We analyzed the data of adult patients with suspected scrub typhus who visited a tertiary care hospital in the Republic of Korea from September to December from 2019 to 2021. The included patients had an acute fever and at least one of the following ten secondary findings: myalgia, skin rash, eschar, headache, thrombocytopenia, increased liver enzyme levels, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, and pleural effusion. The diagnoses were grouped as scrub typhus or other diseases by two infectious disease physicians. Results: Among 136 patients who met the eligibility criteria, 109 had scrub typhus and 27 had different diseases. Single and paired total antibodies using immunofluorescence assay (IFA), and total antibodies using immunochromatography-based rapid diagnostic testing (ICT) were measured in 98%, 22%, and 75% of all patients, respectively. Confirmation using paired samples for scrub typhus was established at a median of 11 [interquartile range (IQR) 10-16] days following the first visit. Among the 82 admitted patients, the median admission time was 9 (IQR 7-13) days. According to IFA, 58 (55%) patients with scrub typhus had total immunoglobulin titers ≥1:320, while 23 (85%) patients with other disease had titers < 1:320. Positive ICT results were observed in 64 (74%) patients with scrub typhus and 10 (67%) patients with other diseases showed negative ICT results. Conclusions: Serological testing for scrub typhus is currently insufficient for decision-making in clinical practice.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_815_23Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2352-4146Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/8364eb17491b40a5a8a715c5092ff53bTest

المؤلفون: Wang Pei

المصدر: Polish Journal of Microbiology, Vol 73, Iss 2, Pp 123-130 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: early detection, iga isotype, kinetics of antibodies, sars-cov-2, serological test, Genetics, QH426-470, Microbiology, QR1-502

الوصف: Serological testing can be a powerful complementary approach to achieve timely diagnosis of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, along with nucleic acid detection. Immunoglobulin (Ig) A antibodies are less frequently utilized to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection than IgM and IgG antibodies, even though IgA antibodies play an important role in protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2. This review discusses the differences in kinetics and assay performance between IgA and IgM antibodies and the factors influencing antibody responses. It highlights the potential usefulness of analyzing IgA antibodies for the early detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The early appearance of IgA and the high sensitivity of IgA-based immunoassays can aid in diagnosing coronavirus disease 2019. However, because of cross-reactivity, it is important to recognize the only moderate specificity of the early detection of SARS-CoV-2 IgA antibodies against spike antigens. Either the analysis of antibodies targeting the nucleocapsid antigen or a combination of antibodies against the nucleocapsid and spike antigens may strengthen the accuracy of serological evaluation.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/2544-4646Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/74d4211c93e946aa89806f80c962d703Test

المؤلفون: Bipin Kishore Prasad, Yamuna Ranganathan, Gunjan Dwivedi, Devika Gupta

المصدر: Bengal Journal of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, Vol 31, Iss 3 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Cat Scratch Disease, Bartonella henselae, lymphadenopathy, serological test, Medicine, Otorhinolaryngology, RF1-547

الوصف: Introduction: Cat scratch disease typically manifests as long standing regional lymphadenopathy, though clinical features may cover a wide spectrum. Lack of definite history of cat scratch, atypical presentation, non-availability of serological tests and misleading needle cytology may often lead to delay in diagnosis. Case report: A 44 years old diabetic female, presented with persistent fever for 15 days followed by 4x4cm, tender tense swelling in left parotid region extending into upper neck. Her blood sugar was deranged. Polymorphonuclear leucocytosis was noted. Radiological investigation showed lymph nodal conglomeration involving level II, III and IV with non-enhancing necrotic areas within it. Mass was abutting Internal Jugular Vein, which was attenuated cranially. Aggressive antibiotics treatment and optimal glycemic control failed to resolve fever and lymphadenopathy, hence excision of neck mass was done which was reported histopathologically as Cat Scratch Disease. Conclusion: While ruling out tuberculosis, Epstein Barr-Virus infection, acute bacterial lymphadenitis or malignant disease, Cat Scratch Disease should be included in the differential diagnosis of lymphadenopathies in head-neck region so that possibility of antibiotic abuse, an unnecessary biopsy, long term antitubercular drug therapy or even surgical treatment may be avoided. Keywords: Cat Scratch Disease; Bartonella henselae; lymphadenopathy; serological test

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://bjohns.in/journal23/index.php/bjohns/article/view/84Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2395-2393Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2395-2407Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/d82e8a23bdbd424aae9f7ff972b98ee3Test

المؤلفون: Nabilla Qayum, Muhammad N. Uddin, Wajid Khan, Habib Un Nabi, Taj- Ud- Din, Muhammad Suleman, Hanif Ur Rahman, Iftikhar Ali, Ahmed M. Hassan, Rafa Almeer, Farman Ullah

المصدر: Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, Vol 91, Iss 1 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: brucella, serological test, pcr, 16s rrna, sequencing, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100

الوصف: No abstract available.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://ojvr.org/index.php/ojvr/article/view/2150Test; https://doaj.org/toc/0030-2465Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2219-0635Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/8d5a244d328e4e9a8f05836818eb2359Test

المؤلفون: Hala SR. AL-Taee, Azhar Ali Sekhi, Hasanain A.J. Gharban, Hussien M.A. Biati

المصدر: Open Veterinary Journal, Vol 13, Iss 10, Pp 1283-1289 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: mers-cov, camelus dromedarius, coronavirus, serological test, elisa, Zoology, QL1-991

الوصف: Background: Since the first human case of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) caused by Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, several evidences base have shown one-humped camels as the main reservoir host, from which, infection transmit to humans. Aim: Serological investigation of MERS in dromedary camels in Wasit province (Iraq), detection severity of infection and association to some risk factors. Methods: A total of 455 dromedary camels were selected randomly from two main districts in Wasit province, Iraq during January and April (2023). Sera of all study camels were examined by ELISA, and titers of positive study animals were categorized according to its severity. Results: Serological testing yielded 37.58% positive animals for MERS infection. According to severity of positive ODs (titer), a total of 53.22%, 30.99%, 12.28%, and 3.51% were showed mild, moderate, strong and very strong infections, respectively. Regarding risk factors, significant elevation in seropositivity was seen in camels of  3-6 and  6 years old, and reduced in camels of  3 years old with elevated risk of MERS with increased age. Regionally, seropositivity and relative risk were increased in camels of Shaykh Sa'd when compared with Al-Numaniyah. Regarding sex, no significant variation was detected between seropositive females and males; however, male camels appeared at higher risk than females. Association between severity of MERS infection and risk factors revealed that there was a significant increase in mild and moderate infections in female camels of  6 years old; whereas, strong and very strong infections were seen in male camels of  3-6 years old. The mild and very strong infections were recorded in Shaykh Sa'd; while, moderate and strong infections in Al-Numaniyah. Conclusion: The study indicated a longstanding existence of MERS-CoV in camels of Wasit province, therefore, recent infections or active viral excretion are required for confirmation by molecular approaches. [Open Vet J 2023; 13(10.000): 1283-1289]

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=161536Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2226-4485Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/0d0c3a56df5d47f8bf219c068c98e25dTest

المؤلفون: Sara Vigil-Vázquez, Ángela Manzanares, Alicia Hernanz-Lobo, Itziar Carrasco-García, Clara Zamora del Pozo, Alba Pérez-Pérez, Elena María Rincón-López, Begoña Santiago-García, María del Pilar Pintado-Recarte, Roberto Alonso-Fernández, Manuel Sánchez-Luna, María Luisa Navarro-Gómez

المصدر: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, Vol 23, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: Gestational COVID, Neonatal SARS-COV-2 infection, Serological test, Antibodies titers, Antibodies transplacental transfer, Gynecology and obstetrics, RG1-991

الوصف: Abstract Background It is known that SARS-CoV-2 antibodies from pregnant women with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy cross the placenta but the duration and the protective effect of these antibodies in infants is scarce. Methods This prospective study included mothers with SARS-COV-2 infection during pregnancy and their infants from April 2020 to March 2021. IgG antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were performed on women and infants at birth and at two and six months during follow-up. Anthropometrical measures and physical and neurological examinations and a clinical history of symptoms and COVID-19 diagnosis were collected. Simple linear regression was performed to compare categorical and continuous variables. To compare the mother’s and infant’s antibody titers evolution, a mixed linear regression model was used. A predictive model of newborn antibody titers at birth has been established by means of simple stepwise linear regression. Results 51 mother-infant couples were included. 45 (90%) of the mothers and 44 (86.3%) of the newborns had a positive serology al birth. These antibodies were progressively decreasing and were positive in 34 (66.7%) and 7 (13.7%) of infants at 2 and 6 months, respectively. IgG titers of newborns at birth were related to mothers’ titers, with a positive moderate correlation (Pearson’s correlation coefficient: 0.82, p

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2393Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/983e9a05619c4a1fa03644de061f522dTest

المؤلفون: Khaleqsefat Esmat, Baban Jamil, Ramiar Kaml Kheder, Arnaud John Kombe Kombe, Weihong Zeng, Huan Ma, Tengchuan Jin

المصدر: Heliyon, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp e24031- (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), Immune response, Serological test, Mucosal immunity, Science (General), Q1-390, Social sciences (General), H1-99

الوصف: The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its infamous “Variants” of the etiological agent termed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has proven to be a global health concern. The three antibodies, IgA, IgM, and IgG, perform their dedicated role as main workhorses of the host adaptive immune system in virus neutralization. Immunoglobulin-A (IgA), also known as “Mucosal Immunoglobulin”, has been under keen interest throughout the viral infection cycle. Its importance lies because IgA is predominant mucosal antibody and SARS family viruses primarily infect the mucosal surfaces of human respiratory tract. Therefore, IgA can be considered a diagnostic and prognostic marker and an active infection biomarker for SARS CoV-2 infection. Along with molecular analyses, serological tests, including IgA detection tests, are gaining ground in application as an early detectable marker and as a minimally invasive detection strategy. In the current review, it was emphasized the role of IgA response in diagnosis, host defense strategies, treatment, and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The data analysis was performed through almost 100 published peer-reviewed research reports and comprehended the importance of IgA in antiviral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and other related respiratory viruses. Taken together, it is concluded that secretory IgA- Abs can serve as a promising detection tool for respiratory viral diagnosis and treatment parallel to IgG-based therapeutics and diagnostics. Vaccine candidates that target and trigger mucosal immune response may also be employed in future dimensions of research against other respiratory viruses.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844024000628Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2405-8440Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/28c0f31bfcee4f88ab828a58dfd4b9beTest

المؤلفون: Pannawich Boonciew, Watcharee Saisongkorh, Suppalak Brameld, Matsaya Thongpin, Alongkorn Kurilung, Pratomporn Krangvichian, Waree Niyomtham, Kanitha Patarakul, Thanmaporn Phichitraslip, David J. Hampson, Nuvee Prapasarakul

المصدر: Animals, Vol 14, Iss 6, p 893 (2024)

مصطلحات موضوعية: canine leptospirosis, diagnosis, serological test, microscopic agglutination test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, local serovars or isolates, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100, Zoology, QL1-991

الوصف: Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease of significant concern for human and animal health, with domestic animals, including dogs, acting as reservoirs for human infection. Serology is widely used for leptospirosis diagnosis, even though the standard microscopic agglutination test (MAT) using a panel of serovars lacks specificity and can lead to detection limitations in certain regions. In this study, we aimed to develop an antibody detection tool for dogs using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with a set of local serovar isolates, including Paidjan, Dadas, and Mini, to enhance the accuracy of leptospirosis surveillance in our region. The specificity and sensitivity of various antigen preparations, namely leptospiral whole-cell protein (WCP), total membrane protein (TMP), and outer membrane protein (OMP), were assessed using sera from infected and non-infected dogs, as well as negative puppy sera. Leptospirosis diagnosis was supported using a genus-specific nested polymerase chain reaction test on all collected sera. Protein preparations were validated using SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analysis. In the results, the standard MAT failed to detect antibodies in any of the dogs confirmed as being infected using PCR and isolation, highlighting its limitations. In contrast, the OMP-based ELISAs using local isolates of Leptospira serovars gave positive results with sera from all infected dogs, and negative results with sera from all dogs from non-endemic areas. IgG titres of infected and unvaccinated dogs from endemically affected areas were significantly higher than those in non-endemic regions. Using the OMP-based IgG/ELISAs with the local serovar Dadas resulted in higher specificity and lower sensitivity than when using the WCP- and TMP-based IgG/ELISAs. Agreement analysis revealed fair and moderate concordance between OMP-based IgG/ELISAs and PCR results, whereas slight and fair agreement was observed between OMP-based ELISAs and the MAT. Overall, the modified OMP-based IgG/ELISAs, utilising relevant local serovar isolates from dogs, demonstrated improved accuracy in detecting leptospirosis in the study area, overcoming the limitations of the MAT. This study highlights the importance of identifying and incorporating these local circulating serovar isolates into serological techniques for leptospirosis diagnosis and surveillance.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/6/893Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2076-2615Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/ca58ddacfdbc4b94aed6e39f909abe7fTest

المؤلفون: Héctor D. Nájera-Rivera, Ana D. Rodríguez-Cortez, María G. Anaya-Santillán, Efrén Díaz-Aparicio, Ariadna V. Ramos-Rodríguez, Irlanda J. Siliceo-Cantero, Norma C. Vázquez-Franco, Erik Nieto-Patlán, Alejandro De Las Peñas, Liliana M. Valdés-Vázquez, Laura Cobos-Marín

المصدر: Veterinary World, Vol 16, Iss 4, Pp 704-710 (2023)

مصطلحات موضوعية: antibody detection, brucellosis, luminex®, paratuberculosis, serological test, small ruminant lentivirus, Animal culture, SF1-1100, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100

الوصف: Background and Aim: Brucellosis, paratuberculosis (PTb), and infections caused by small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV), formerly known as caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV), adversely affect goat production systems. Nonetheless, commonly used diagnostic tests can only determine one analyte at a time, increasing disease surveillance costs, and limiting their routine use. This study aimed to design and validate a multiplex assay for antibody detection against these three diseases simultaneously. Materials and Methods: Two recombinant proteins from the SRLV (p16 and gp38), the native hapten of Brucella melitensis, and the paratuberculosis-protoplasmic antigen 3 from Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) were used to devise and assess a multiplex assay. Conditions for the Luminex® multiplex test were established and validated by sensitivity, specificity, repeatability, and reproducibility parameters. Cut-off points for each antigen were also established. Results: The 3-plex assay had high sensitivity (84%) and specificity (95%). The maximum coefficients of variation were 23.8% and 20.5% for negative and positive control samples, respectively. The p16 and gp38 SRLV antigens are 97% and 95%, similar to the CAEV sequence found in GenBank, respectively. Conclusion: The multiplex test can be effectively used for the simultaneous detection of antibodies against SRLV, MAP and B. melitensis in goats.

وصف الملف: electronic resource

العلاقة: https://www.veterinaryworld.org/Vol.16/April-2023/6.pdfTest; https://doaj.org/toc/0972-8988Test; https://doaj.org/toc/2231-0916Test

الوصول الحر: https://doaj.org/article/25182accbd154948b0b4787a88cb77e9Test