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    دورية أكاديمية
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    مؤتمر

    مصطلحات موضوعية: Stabilita hodin, GNSS, PPP, Clock stability, Rubidium, Cesium, Hydrogen maser

    الوصف: Kvalita souřadnic stanic mezinárodní služby GNSS (IGS) závisí při GNSS nediferencovaných řešeních, mimo jiného, na typu oscilátoru umístěného na stanici. Je třeba rozlišovat mezi časovými standardy interních, rubidiových, cesiových a hydrogen maser hodin. Stabilita časových standardů se může lišit o několik řádů v závislosti na typu hodin. Vysoce přesné hodiny umožňují použití stochastického modelování v algoritmech absolutního určování polohy, což ikospřispívá k rychlejší konvergenci řešení a zvýšení přesnosti polohy. V technice měření Precise Point Positioning (PPP) využívající multi-GNSS, mohou být parametry hodin určovány dvěma způsoby. Buď se odhaduje parametr hodin samostatně pro každý systém, nebo je určen jeden parametr hodin pro všechny systémy s uvážením mezisystémových odchylek. V tomto článku analyzujeme vliv stochastického modelování parametru hodin na určení polohy v multiGNSS PPP řešení. Využíváme vybrané IGS stanice přijímající signály z družic systémů GPS, GLONASS, Galileo a BeiDou. Realizovány jsou všechny analýzy parametru hodin pro různé typy oscilátorů společně s výkonnostními charakteristikami každého systému. Důležitou výhodou modelování parametru hodin je v multi-GNSS PPP řešeních stabilizování výškové složky souřadnic stanice. ; The quality of the International GNSS Service (IGS) station coordinates depends, among other things, on the type of oscillator located at the station in undifferenced GNSS solutions. A distinction of the clock standards can be made between internal, rubidium, cesium, and hydrogen maser clocks. The stability of time standards can vary by several orders of magnitude depending on the type of clock. Highaccuracy clocks allow for the introduction of stochastic modeling in the absolute positioning algorithms which contributes to faster solution convergence and superior position accuracy. In the Precise Point Positioning (PPP) measurement technique based on multi-GNSS, the clock parameter may be determined in two ways. Either it is estimated separately for each system, ...

    وصف الملف: text; application/pdf

    العلاقة: Družicové metody v geodézii a katastru 2023; http://geodesy.fce.vutbr.cz/konference/gnss-seminarTest/; Družicové metody v geodézii a katastru 2023, s. 59. ISBN 978-80-86433-81-3.; http://hdl.handle.net/11012/214106Test

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    دورية أكاديمية

    المصدر: Journal of Education, Health and Sport 19(1) 83-91

    الوصف: MIKOS, Marcin, CIUSZKO, Agnieszka, PODHORECKA, Marta and CURYŁO, Mateusz. The problem of the incidence of falls in hospitals in Poland in the opinion of physiotherapists. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;19(1):83-91. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.19.01.009Test https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/42051Test https://zenodo.org/record/8141039Test The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343. Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences). Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159. Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu). © The Authors 2023; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author (s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non commercial license Share alike. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0Test/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 18.08.2023. Revised: 24.08.2023. Accepted: 04.10.2023. Published: ...

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    دورية أكاديمية

    المساهمون: Narodowym Centrum Nauki, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu

    المصدر: GPS Solutions ; volume 28, issue 1 ; ISSN 1080-5370 1521-1886

    مصطلحات موضوعية: General Earth and Planetary Sciences

    الوصف: In Precise Point Positioning (PPP), the receiver clock parameter is typically estimated independently in each observation epoch, which increases the noise of the estimated station coordinates and troposphere parameters due to correlations. Applying stochastic modeling to the receiver clock parameter stabilizes PPP solutions and reduces clock noise for the time transfer. However, the receiver clock modeling is possible only for the GNSS receivers connected to the utmost stable atomic clocks. We propose receiver clock modeling that involves the Markov stochastic process in the form of a random walk. We test different levels of random walk constraints for GNSS stations equipped with different types of clocks for Galileo-only and multi-GNSS solutions in kinematic and static PPP. In multi-GNSS solutions, the common clock parameter is derived with inter-system biases (ISBs). This raises the question of the constraints that should be imposed on the common clock only or also on the ISBs. We found that similar results can be achieved by imposing constraints on the common clock parameter and estimating ISB as a constant parameter and when constraining the common clock parameter and ISBs with a ratio of 1:100. Other ratios of clock-to-ISB constraints, such as 1:1 and 1:10, give inferior results. In the kinematic PPP, stochastic clock modeling has a marginal impact on the North and East coordinate components, whereas the Up component is substantially improved for GNSS receivers equipped with hydrogen masers. In the static PPP, the clock modeling improves the time transfer, due to the reduced noise of the clocks.

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    دورية أكاديمية

    المساهمون: Narodowym Centrum Nauki, Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu

    المصدر: GPS Solutions ; volume 27, issue 3 ; ISSN 1080-5370 1521-1886

    مصطلحات موضوعية: General Earth and Planetary Sciences

    الوصف: In the multi-GNSS solutions integrating GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou, the receiver clock may be treated twofold; the clock parameter may be estimated for each GNSS separately or the common clock can be estimated, e.g., for GPS, with inter-system biases (ISBs) for other systems. The latter strategy reduces the number of estimated independent clock parameters per epoch almost by a factor of four because the clock parameters are estimated epoch-wise, whereas ISBs are estimated as constant values for the entire day or month. Due to the discontinuities in reference satellite clocks, the estimated ISBs and receiver clock parameters have also to be reinitialized at day boundaries. This raises questions about whether only the common clock has to be reset or all ISB values and what is the impact of the reinitialization of clock parameters with covariance values when estimating system-specific clock parameters. We analyze the effects of different types of stochastic modeling applied to the parameters of clocks and ISBs. In this study, we test five different strategies to clock handling in multi-GNSS kinematic Precise Point Positioning derived continuously for one month. We found that two solutions can be considered equivalent: (1) estimating system-specific clocks and (2) estimating the common clock with ISB and resetting at day boundaries the common clock parameter and ISBs. Oppositely, resetting only the common clock parameter or assuming that the ISB keep their stabilities over long periods is insufficient to obtain superior results of station coordinates and reliable time transfer results.

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    دورية أكاديمية

    المساهمون: Narodowe Centrum Nauki

    المصدر: GPS Solutions ; volume 27, issue 1 ; ISSN 1080-5370 1521-1886

    مصطلحات موضوعية: General Earth and Planetary Sciences

    الوصف: Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers belonging to the International GNSS Service (IGS) are equipped with different types of clocks, such as internal crystal quartz clocks, rubidium and cesium atomic clocks, as well as hydrogen masers. These clocks are characterized by different phase and frequency accuracies and stabilities, resulting in different systematic clock time series patterns. We analyze the clock offsets between different GNSS systems, provide noise characteristics of the undifferenced and differenced clock parameters, and detect systematic patterns of the clocks. The time series of the receiver clocks are dominated by the diurnal, semidiurnal, and sometimes terdiurnal signals with amplitudes up to several meters. Hydrogen masers provide the highest clock stability, and the lowest is by internal clocks. However, there are also groups of very stable internal clocks that perform similarly to low-performing hydrogen masers and rubidium clocks. The interquartile ranges for epoch-differenced clock parameters fall between 3 and 250 mm for the best hydrogen masers and the worst internal clocks, respectively.

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    دورية أكاديمية
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    دورية أكاديمية

    المصدر: Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness ; volume 17 ; ISSN 1935-7893 1938-744X

    الوصف: The manifestation of a new pathogen, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), constitutes a new problem for modern health care systems. Developing updated standards for all emergency services working at an accident site during the pandemic has been a continuous challenge. The principal method of preventing the transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is the use of personal protective equipment, such as protective suits, masks and goggles, or face shields. The study aims to present the recommended on-site procedures during the coronavirus pandemic based on the description of an accident of an ambulance transporting a patient with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, emphasizing the actions taken by the emergency services sent to the accident site.

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    دورية أكاديمية

    المصدر: Journal of Clinical Medicine; Jan2024, Vol. 13 Issue 2, p572, 8p

    مصطلحات جغرافية: POLAND

    مستخلص: Alcohol addiction is characterized by extensive alcohol consumption that dominates other behaviours previously important to a patient. According to data from The State Agency for Prevention of Alcohol-Related Problems, up to 900,000 people in Poland are addicted to alcohol. On average, approximately 9.7 L of pure alcohol per capita was consumed in 2021. Alcohol addiction may cause severe health problems and is one the key risk factors for various diseases. Stress plays an important role in the process of alcohol addiction and is also a predictor for lower enjoyment in life. On the other hand, sense of coherence may be a stronger protective factor. The aim of our study was to verify the relation between the level of perceived stress among patients with alcohol addiction and satisfaction with life. Because sense of coherence is a disposition that allows for managing stress effectively, the latter should be reflected in the results of multivariate analyses that take both the level of stress and sense of coherence into account. In the present study, sense of coherence and perceived stress were negatively correlated; therefore, strengthening internal resources for managing difficult and stressful situations is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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